How “Neuronal” Are Human Skin Mast Cells?
Mast cells are evolutionarily old cells and the principal effectors in allergic responses and inflammation. They are seeded from the yolk sac during embryogenesis or are derived from hematopoietic progenitors and are therefore related to other leukocyte subsets, even though they form a separate clad...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10871 |
| _version_ | 1797487060148289536 |
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| author | Magda Babina Kristin Franke Gürkan Bal |
| author_facet | Magda Babina Kristin Franke Gürkan Bal |
| author_sort | Magda Babina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mast cells are evolutionarily old cells and the principal effectors in allergic responses and inflammation. They are seeded from the yolk sac during embryogenesis or are derived from hematopoietic progenitors and are therefore related to other leukocyte subsets, even though they form a separate clade in the hematopoietic system. Herein, we systematically bundle information from several recent high-throughput endeavors, especially those comparing MCs with other cell types, and combine such information with knowledge on the genes’ functions to reveal groups of neuronal markers specifically expressed by MCs. We focus on recent advances made regarding human tissue MCs, but also refer to studies in mice. In broad terms, genes hyper-expressed in MCs, but largely inactive in other myelocytes, can be classified into subcategories such as traffic/lysosomes (MLPH and RAB27B), the dopamine system (MAOB, DRD2, SLC6A3, and SLC18A2), Ca<sup>2+</sup>-related entities (CALB2), adhesion molecules (L1CAM and NTM) and, as an overall principle, the transcription factors and modulators of transcriptional activity (LMO4, PBX1, MEIS2, and EHMT2). Their function in MCs is generally unknown but may tentatively be deduced by comparison with other systems. MCs share functions with the nervous system, as they express typical neurotransmitters (histamine and serotonin) and a degranulation machinery that shares features with the neuronal apparatus at the synapse. Therefore, selective overlaps are plausible, and they further highlight the uniqueness of MCs within the myeloid system, as well as when compared with basophils. Apart from investigating their functional implications in MCs, a key question is whether their expression in the lineage is due to the specific reactivation of genes normally silenced in leukocytes or whether the genes are not switched off during mastocytic development from early progenitors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:43:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbfbb1dea5894fbdaca0ea8c5a72832a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:43:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbfbb1dea5894fbdaca0ea8c5a72832a2023-11-23T16:49:50ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123181087110.3390/ijms231810871How “Neuronal” Are Human Skin Mast Cells?Magda Babina0Kristin Franke1Gürkan Bal2Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, GermanyMast cells are evolutionarily old cells and the principal effectors in allergic responses and inflammation. They are seeded from the yolk sac during embryogenesis or are derived from hematopoietic progenitors and are therefore related to other leukocyte subsets, even though they form a separate clade in the hematopoietic system. Herein, we systematically bundle information from several recent high-throughput endeavors, especially those comparing MCs with other cell types, and combine such information with knowledge on the genes’ functions to reveal groups of neuronal markers specifically expressed by MCs. We focus on recent advances made regarding human tissue MCs, but also refer to studies in mice. In broad terms, genes hyper-expressed in MCs, but largely inactive in other myelocytes, can be classified into subcategories such as traffic/lysosomes (MLPH and RAB27B), the dopamine system (MAOB, DRD2, SLC6A3, and SLC18A2), Ca<sup>2+</sup>-related entities (CALB2), adhesion molecules (L1CAM and NTM) and, as an overall principle, the transcription factors and modulators of transcriptional activity (LMO4, PBX1, MEIS2, and EHMT2). Their function in MCs is generally unknown but may tentatively be deduced by comparison with other systems. MCs share functions with the nervous system, as they express typical neurotransmitters (histamine and serotonin) and a degranulation machinery that shares features with the neuronal apparatus at the synapse. Therefore, selective overlaps are plausible, and they further highlight the uniqueness of MCs within the myeloid system, as well as when compared with basophils. Apart from investigating their functional implications in MCs, a key question is whether their expression in the lineage is due to the specific reactivation of genes normally silenced in leukocytes or whether the genes are not switched off during mastocytic development from early progenitors.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10871mast cellsneuronsdegranulationdopamineadhesion moleculessolute carriers |
| spellingShingle | Magda Babina Kristin Franke Gürkan Bal How “Neuronal” Are Human Skin Mast Cells? International Journal of Molecular Sciences mast cells neurons degranulation dopamine adhesion molecules solute carriers |
| title | How “Neuronal” Are Human Skin Mast Cells? |
| title_full | How “Neuronal” Are Human Skin Mast Cells? |
| title_fullStr | How “Neuronal” Are Human Skin Mast Cells? |
| title_full_unstemmed | How “Neuronal” Are Human Skin Mast Cells? |
| title_short | How “Neuronal” Are Human Skin Mast Cells? |
| title_sort | how neuronal are human skin mast cells |
| topic | mast cells neurons degranulation dopamine adhesion molecules solute carriers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10871 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT magdababina howneuronalarehumanskinmastcells AT kristinfranke howneuronalarehumanskinmastcells AT gurkanbal howneuronalarehumanskinmastcells |