Bio-loggers inserted in intravaginal sponges, or subcutaneously, as tools to measure body temperature
Abstract The body temperature of animals can be measured by thermistors, thermocouples, or radiotelemetry devices that are implanted surgically under the skin, although the suitability of subcutaneous temperature as an indicator of core temperature can be limited because of abnormal temperature read...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Animal Biotelemetry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-022-00312-z |
| _version_ | 1811199283991412736 |
|---|---|
| author | José-Alfonso Abecia Silvia Luis Francisco Canto Carlos Palacios |
| author_facet | José-Alfonso Abecia Silvia Luis Francisco Canto Carlos Palacios |
| author_sort | José-Alfonso Abecia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The body temperature of animals can be measured by thermistors, thermocouples, or radiotelemetry devices that are implanted surgically under the skin, although the suitability of subcutaneous temperature as an indicator of core temperature can be limited because of abnormal temperature readings, probably affected by ambient temperature and animal inactivity. This study compared the use of bio-loggers designed to monitor subcutaneous temperature (Tsub), with their use embedded in intravaginal sponges to measure vaginal temperature (Tvag). Three ewes were implanted with a subcutaneous temperature bio-logger that was configured to record Tsub every 30 min for a month. Ewes were given an intravaginal sponge for 12 days two days later. Inside the sponges were installed programmed bio-loggers that measured Tvag every 5 min. The ambient temperature (Tamb) and relative humidity were monitored using mini data-loggers. Mean Tsub was lower (P < 0.001) during the day (38.02 ± 0.02 °C) than at night (38.10 ± 0.02 °C), with maximum Tsub (38.57 °C) at 20:00 h and minimum temperature (37.36 °C) at 08:00 h; however, mean Tvag was higher (P < 0.001) during the day (38.71 ± 0.01 °C) than at night (38.62 ± 0.01 °C), with maximum Tsub (39.02 °C) at 20:55 h and minimum temperature (38.33 °C) occurred at 08:25 h. Mean Tsub (38.08 ± 0.02 °C) was lower (P < 0.0001) than was Tvag (38.65 ± 0.10 °C) in the daytime and at night (P < 0.001). Both temperatures had a 24-h rhythm (P < 0.0001), but differed (P < 0.001) in the mean midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) (Tvag: 38.67 ± 0.02 °C, Tsub: 38.09 ± 0.02 °C), amplitude (Tvag: 0.21° ± 0.01C; Tsub: 0.25 ± 0.01 °C), and acrophase (Tvag: 18:27 ± 0.38 h, Tsub: 20:48 ± 0.44 h). The coefficient of correlation between the two temperatures, measured simultaneously for 12 d was 0.644 (P < 0.01), and between Tamb and the two physiological temperatures, measured at the same time throughout the 12 d experiment, was 0.319 (P < 0.01) for Tsub and 0.287 (P < 0.01) for Tvag. The linear regression analysis of the 24 h circadian rhythm in Tsub and Tvag indicated a high coefficient of determination with Tvag (0.9255) and a lower coefficient of determination with Tsub (0.4292). In conclusion, the integration of a mini body temperature logger into a vaginal sponge, or their subcutaneous insertion, provided a continuous and accurate record of body temperature. Furthermore, the strong correlation between mean 24 h circadian Tvag and Tamb, demonstrated the usefulness of Tvag in biometeorological studies in sheep. As an alternative to employing these devices subcutaneously, they can also can be utilized as a biomarker of core body temperature inserted in vaginal sponges. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:45:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbffb83a5bfb4fbfb5031ff8fe6ba764 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-3385 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:45:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Biotelemetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbffb83a5bfb4fbfb5031ff8fe6ba7642022-12-22T03:53:05ZengBMCAnimal Biotelemetry2050-33852022-12-0110111110.1186/s40317-022-00312-zBio-loggers inserted in intravaginal sponges, or subcutaneously, as tools to measure body temperatureJosé-Alfonso Abecia0Silvia Luis1Francisco Canto2Carlos Palacios3Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de ZaragozaInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de ZaragozaInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de ZaragozaDepartamento de Construcción y Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Ambientales, Universidad de SalamancaAbstract The body temperature of animals can be measured by thermistors, thermocouples, or radiotelemetry devices that are implanted surgically under the skin, although the suitability of subcutaneous temperature as an indicator of core temperature can be limited because of abnormal temperature readings, probably affected by ambient temperature and animal inactivity. This study compared the use of bio-loggers designed to monitor subcutaneous temperature (Tsub), with their use embedded in intravaginal sponges to measure vaginal temperature (Tvag). Three ewes were implanted with a subcutaneous temperature bio-logger that was configured to record Tsub every 30 min for a month. Ewes were given an intravaginal sponge for 12 days two days later. Inside the sponges were installed programmed bio-loggers that measured Tvag every 5 min. The ambient temperature (Tamb) and relative humidity were monitored using mini data-loggers. Mean Tsub was lower (P < 0.001) during the day (38.02 ± 0.02 °C) than at night (38.10 ± 0.02 °C), with maximum Tsub (38.57 °C) at 20:00 h and minimum temperature (37.36 °C) at 08:00 h; however, mean Tvag was higher (P < 0.001) during the day (38.71 ± 0.01 °C) than at night (38.62 ± 0.01 °C), with maximum Tsub (39.02 °C) at 20:55 h and minimum temperature (38.33 °C) occurred at 08:25 h. Mean Tsub (38.08 ± 0.02 °C) was lower (P < 0.0001) than was Tvag (38.65 ± 0.10 °C) in the daytime and at night (P < 0.001). Both temperatures had a 24-h rhythm (P < 0.0001), but differed (P < 0.001) in the mean midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) (Tvag: 38.67 ± 0.02 °C, Tsub: 38.09 ± 0.02 °C), amplitude (Tvag: 0.21° ± 0.01C; Tsub: 0.25 ± 0.01 °C), and acrophase (Tvag: 18:27 ± 0.38 h, Tsub: 20:48 ± 0.44 h). The coefficient of correlation between the two temperatures, measured simultaneously for 12 d was 0.644 (P < 0.01), and between Tamb and the two physiological temperatures, measured at the same time throughout the 12 d experiment, was 0.319 (P < 0.01) for Tsub and 0.287 (P < 0.01) for Tvag. The linear regression analysis of the 24 h circadian rhythm in Tsub and Tvag indicated a high coefficient of determination with Tvag (0.9255) and a lower coefficient of determination with Tsub (0.4292). In conclusion, the integration of a mini body temperature logger into a vaginal sponge, or their subcutaneous insertion, provided a continuous and accurate record of body temperature. Furthermore, the strong correlation between mean 24 h circadian Tvag and Tamb, demonstrated the usefulness of Tvag in biometeorological studies in sheep. As an alternative to employing these devices subcutaneously, they can also can be utilized as a biomarker of core body temperature inserted in vaginal sponges.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-022-00312-zSheepBio-loggersTemperatureSubcutaneousVaginal |
| spellingShingle | José-Alfonso Abecia Silvia Luis Francisco Canto Carlos Palacios Bio-loggers inserted in intravaginal sponges, or subcutaneously, as tools to measure body temperature Animal Biotelemetry Sheep Bio-loggers Temperature Subcutaneous Vaginal |
| title | Bio-loggers inserted in intravaginal sponges, or subcutaneously, as tools to measure body temperature |
| title_full | Bio-loggers inserted in intravaginal sponges, or subcutaneously, as tools to measure body temperature |
| title_fullStr | Bio-loggers inserted in intravaginal sponges, or subcutaneously, as tools to measure body temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bio-loggers inserted in intravaginal sponges, or subcutaneously, as tools to measure body temperature |
| title_short | Bio-loggers inserted in intravaginal sponges, or subcutaneously, as tools to measure body temperature |
| title_sort | bio loggers inserted in intravaginal sponges or subcutaneously as tools to measure body temperature |
| topic | Sheep Bio-loggers Temperature Subcutaneous Vaginal |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-022-00312-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT josealfonsoabecia biologgersinsertedinintravaginalspongesorsubcutaneouslyastoolstomeasurebodytemperature AT silvialuis biologgersinsertedinintravaginalspongesorsubcutaneouslyastoolstomeasurebodytemperature AT franciscocanto biologgersinsertedinintravaginalspongesorsubcutaneouslyastoolstomeasurebodytemperature AT carlospalacios biologgersinsertedinintravaginalspongesorsubcutaneouslyastoolstomeasurebodytemperature |