A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel
Laboratory-scale experiments for the modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions by calcium treatment in high-carbon hard wire steel were performed and the compositions and morphological evolution of inclusions were studied. The kinetics of the modification of Al&l...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/5/1305 |
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| author | Zuobing Xi Changrong Li Linzhu Wang |
| author_facet | Zuobing Xi Changrong Li Linzhu Wang |
| author_sort | Zuobing Xi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Laboratory-scale experiments for the modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions by calcium treatment in high-carbon hard wire steel were performed and the compositions and morphological evolution of inclusions were studied. The kinetics of the modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions by calcium treatment were studied in high-carbon hard wire steel based on the unreacted shrinking core model, considering the transfer of Ca and Al through the boundary layer and within the product layer, coupled with thermodynamic equilibrium at the interfaces. The diffusion of Al in the inclusion layer was the limiting link in the inclusion modification process. The Ca concentration in molten steel had the greatest influence on the inclusion modification time. The modification time for inclusions tended to be longer in the transformation of higher CaO-containing calcium aluminate. The modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> into CA<sub>6</sub> was fastest, while the most time was needed to modify CA into C<sub>12</sub>A<sub>7</sub>. It took about six times time longer at the later stage of inclusion modification than at the early stage. The complete modification time for inclusions increased with the square of their radii. The changes of CaO contents with melting time were estimated based on a kinetic model and was consistent with experimental results. |
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| id | doaj.art-cc04929f695f47b9bdc28d22d4255926 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:25:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cc04929f695f47b9bdc28d22d42559262023-11-21T09:41:03ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-03-01145130510.3390/ma14051305A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire SteelZuobing Xi0Changrong Li1Linzhu Wang2School of Material and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Material and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Material and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaLaboratory-scale experiments for the modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions by calcium treatment in high-carbon hard wire steel were performed and the compositions and morphological evolution of inclusions were studied. The kinetics of the modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions by calcium treatment were studied in high-carbon hard wire steel based on the unreacted shrinking core model, considering the transfer of Ca and Al through the boundary layer and within the product layer, coupled with thermodynamic equilibrium at the interfaces. The diffusion of Al in the inclusion layer was the limiting link in the inclusion modification process. The Ca concentration in molten steel had the greatest influence on the inclusion modification time. The modification time for inclusions tended to be longer in the transformation of higher CaO-containing calcium aluminate. The modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> into CA<sub>6</sub> was fastest, while the most time was needed to modify CA into C<sub>12</sub>A<sub>7</sub>. It took about six times time longer at the later stage of inclusion modification than at the early stage. The complete modification time for inclusions increased with the square of their radii. The changes of CaO contents with melting time were estimated based on a kinetic model and was consistent with experimental results.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/5/1305high-carbon hard wire steelsinclusionscalcium treatmentunreacted shrinking core model |
| spellingShingle | Zuobing Xi Changrong Li Linzhu Wang A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel Materials high-carbon hard wire steels inclusions calcium treatment unreacted shrinking core model |
| title | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
| title_full | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
| title_fullStr | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
| title_short | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
| title_sort | kinetic model for the modification of al sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub inclusions during calcium treatment in high carbon hard wire steel |
| topic | high-carbon hard wire steels inclusions calcium treatment unreacted shrinking core model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/5/1305 |
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