Response of Canopy Photosynthesis, Grain Quality, and Harvest Index of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Application Methods
To fully explore the effects of N on enhancing photosynthesis, grain quality, and yield of wheat (Ningmai 13), experiments with four nitrogen levels 0 (N0), 120 (N1), 180 (N2), and 240 (N3) kg N ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> and four ratios of basal to topdressing R0 (0:0), R1 (...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/18/2328 |
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| author | Xiangqian Zhang Shizhou Du Yunji Xu Yuqiang Qiao Chengfu Cao Wei Li |
| author_facet | Xiangqian Zhang Shizhou Du Yunji Xu Yuqiang Qiao Chengfu Cao Wei Li |
| author_sort | Xiangqian Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To fully explore the effects of N on enhancing photosynthesis, grain quality, and yield of wheat (Ningmai 13), experiments with four nitrogen levels 0 (N0), 120 (N1), 180 (N2), and 240 (N3) kg N ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> and four ratios of basal to topdressing R0 (0:0), R1 (7:3), R2 (6:4), and R3 (5:5) were conducted. The basal N was applied to soil before sowing and the topdressing N was applied at jointing stage. The effect of N topdressing ratio on improving leaf area of photosynthetic efficiency was insignificant under the same N level. The effect of N fertilization level on increasing chlorophyll content was more significant than that of N topdressing ratio. Within the same N level, the canopy photosynthetically active radiation in R2 was higher than that in R1 and R3, and increasing N by 60 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly enhanced canopy photosynthetically active radiation. The effect of N topdressing ratio on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were consistently R2 > R3 > R1; compared to N1, N3 could significantly increase photosynthetic rate. Increasing 120 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly enhanced grain protein content, wet gluten, and sedimentation value, while the effect of N topdressing ratio was insignificant. Increasing N dose from 120 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> to 180 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly enhanced yield, and the yields and harvest indexes in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were consistently R2 > R3 > R1. The findings suggested that the effect of increasing N dose (60 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) was more considerable than that of N topdressing ratio, N3R2 (within the range of N application in this experiment) was more conducive to improving canopy photosynthesis, yield, and harvest index, and R3 was more conducive to increasing grain protein content, wet gluten, and sedimentation value. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:47:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc152249d2a44ff7bb67fb12c95e03c42023-11-23T18:25:53ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-09-011118232810.3390/plants11182328Response of Canopy Photosynthesis, Grain Quality, and Harvest Index of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Application MethodsXiangqian Zhang0Shizhou Du1Yunji Xu2Yuqiang Qiao3Chengfu Cao4Wei Li5Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, ChinaCrops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCrops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, ChinaCrops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, ChinaCrops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, ChinaTo fully explore the effects of N on enhancing photosynthesis, grain quality, and yield of wheat (Ningmai 13), experiments with four nitrogen levels 0 (N0), 120 (N1), 180 (N2), and 240 (N3) kg N ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> and four ratios of basal to topdressing R0 (0:0), R1 (7:3), R2 (6:4), and R3 (5:5) were conducted. The basal N was applied to soil before sowing and the topdressing N was applied at jointing stage. The effect of N topdressing ratio on improving leaf area of photosynthetic efficiency was insignificant under the same N level. The effect of N fertilization level on increasing chlorophyll content was more significant than that of N topdressing ratio. Within the same N level, the canopy photosynthetically active radiation in R2 was higher than that in R1 and R3, and increasing N by 60 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly enhanced canopy photosynthetically active radiation. The effect of N topdressing ratio on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were consistently R2 > R3 > R1; compared to N1, N3 could significantly increase photosynthetic rate. Increasing 120 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly enhanced grain protein content, wet gluten, and sedimentation value, while the effect of N topdressing ratio was insignificant. Increasing N dose from 120 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> to 180 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly enhanced yield, and the yields and harvest indexes in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were consistently R2 > R3 > R1. The findings suggested that the effect of increasing N dose (60 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) was more considerable than that of N topdressing ratio, N3R2 (within the range of N application in this experiment) was more conducive to improving canopy photosynthesis, yield, and harvest index, and R3 was more conducive to increasing grain protein content, wet gluten, and sedimentation value.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/18/2328root traitschlorophyll contentphotosynthetic rategrain qualityN fertilizationwheat |
| spellingShingle | Xiangqian Zhang Shizhou Du Yunji Xu Yuqiang Qiao Chengfu Cao Wei Li Response of Canopy Photosynthesis, Grain Quality, and Harvest Index of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Application Methods Plants root traits chlorophyll content photosynthetic rate grain quality N fertilization wheat |
| title | Response of Canopy Photosynthesis, Grain Quality, and Harvest Index of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Application Methods |
| title_full | Response of Canopy Photosynthesis, Grain Quality, and Harvest Index of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Application Methods |
| title_fullStr | Response of Canopy Photosynthesis, Grain Quality, and Harvest Index of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Application Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response of Canopy Photosynthesis, Grain Quality, and Harvest Index of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Application Methods |
| title_short | Response of Canopy Photosynthesis, Grain Quality, and Harvest Index of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Application Methods |
| title_sort | response of canopy photosynthesis grain quality and harvest index of wheat to different nitrogen application methods |
| topic | root traits chlorophyll content photosynthetic rate grain quality N fertilization wheat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/18/2328 |
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