Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells in multiple sclerosis: the jury is still out
The immune system is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), as demonstrated by the efficacy of therapies targeting various components of adaptive immunity. However, the disease still progresses despite these treatments in many patients, while others experience life-th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00503/full |
| _version_ | 1818684507613560832 |
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| author | Emmanuel eTreiner Emmanuel eTreiner Emmanuel eTreiner Roland S. LIBLAU Roland S. LIBLAU Roland S. LIBLAU |
| author_facet | Emmanuel eTreiner Emmanuel eTreiner Emmanuel eTreiner Roland S. LIBLAU Roland S. LIBLAU Roland S. LIBLAU |
| author_sort | Emmanuel eTreiner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The immune system is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), as demonstrated by the efficacy of therapies targeting various components of adaptive immunity. However, the disease still progresses despite these treatments in many patients, while others experience life-threatening adverse effects, urging for the discovery of new medications targeting other pathways. Decades of work have highlighted the prominent role of CD4 T cells in MS, but more recent data demonstrate the involvement of CD8 T cells as well. The existence of both pathogenic and protective CD8 T cells subsets has been suggested, adding an additional layer of complexity to the picture. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells (MAIT) are innate-like lymphocytes that make up to 25% of CD8 T cells in healthy subjects. They are specific for conserved microbial ligands and may constitute an important barrier against invasive bacterial and fungal infection. An increasing number of reports also suggest their possible involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases, including MS. MAIT cells could participate through their ability to produce IFNgamma and/or IL-17, two major cytokines in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms by which MAIT cells could be activated in these sterile conditions are not known. Furthermore, contradictory observations have been made, reporting either a protective or a pro-inflammatory behavior of MAIT cells in MS or its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this review article, we will describe the current knowledge on MAIT cells biology in health and disease, and discuss the possible mechanisms behind their role in MS. The specific features of this new nonconventional T cell subset make it an interesting candidate as a biomarker or as the target of immune-mediated intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T10:51:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cc25e8ac404446b3afef60136492af15 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T10:51:44Z |
| publishDate | 2015-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc25e8ac404446b3afef60136492af152022-12-21T21:51:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242015-09-01610.3389/fimmu.2015.00503159579Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells in multiple sclerosis: the jury is still outEmmanuel eTreiner0Emmanuel eTreiner1Emmanuel eTreiner2Roland S. LIBLAU3Roland S. LIBLAU4Roland S. LIBLAU5Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-PurpanUniversité Toulouse III, Paul-SabatierToulouse University HospitalCentre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-PurpanUniversité Toulouse III, Paul-SabatierToulouse University HospitalThe immune system is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), as demonstrated by the efficacy of therapies targeting various components of adaptive immunity. However, the disease still progresses despite these treatments in many patients, while others experience life-threatening adverse effects, urging for the discovery of new medications targeting other pathways. Decades of work have highlighted the prominent role of CD4 T cells in MS, but more recent data demonstrate the involvement of CD8 T cells as well. The existence of both pathogenic and protective CD8 T cells subsets has been suggested, adding an additional layer of complexity to the picture. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells (MAIT) are innate-like lymphocytes that make up to 25% of CD8 T cells in healthy subjects. They are specific for conserved microbial ligands and may constitute an important barrier against invasive bacterial and fungal infection. An increasing number of reports also suggest their possible involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases, including MS. MAIT cells could participate through their ability to produce IFNgamma and/or IL-17, two major cytokines in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms by which MAIT cells could be activated in these sterile conditions are not known. Furthermore, contradictory observations have been made, reporting either a protective or a pro-inflammatory behavior of MAIT cells in MS or its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this review article, we will describe the current knowledge on MAIT cells biology in health and disease, and discuss the possible mechanisms behind their role in MS. The specific features of this new nonconventional T cell subset make it an interesting candidate as a biomarker or as the target of immune-mediated intervention.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00503/fullAdaptive ImmunityMultiple SclerosisIFN gammainnate like T cellsMHC-Related 1 |
| spellingShingle | Emmanuel eTreiner Emmanuel eTreiner Emmanuel eTreiner Roland S. LIBLAU Roland S. LIBLAU Roland S. LIBLAU Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells in multiple sclerosis: the jury is still out Frontiers in Immunology Adaptive Immunity Multiple Sclerosis IFN gamma innate like T cells MHC-Related 1 |
| title | Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells in multiple sclerosis: the jury is still out |
| title_full | Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells in multiple sclerosis: the jury is still out |
| title_fullStr | Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells in multiple sclerosis: the jury is still out |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells in multiple sclerosis: the jury is still out |
| title_short | Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells in multiple sclerosis: the jury is still out |
| title_sort | mucosal associated invariant t cells in multiple sclerosis the jury is still out |
| topic | Adaptive Immunity Multiple Sclerosis IFN gamma innate like T cells MHC-Related 1 |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00503/full |
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