Analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporum
Abstract Background Brassica plant species are attacked by a number of pathogens; among them, the ones with a soil-borne lifestyle have become increasingly important. Verticillium stem stripe caused by Verticillium longisporum is one example. This fungal species is thought to be of a hybrid origin,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-017-4407-x |
| _version_ | 1811305603731030016 |
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| author | Johan Fogelqvist Georgios Tzelepis Sarosh Bejai Jonas Ilbäck Arne Schwelm Christina Dixelius |
| author_facet | Johan Fogelqvist Georgios Tzelepis Sarosh Bejai Jonas Ilbäck Arne Schwelm Christina Dixelius |
| author_sort | Johan Fogelqvist |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Brassica plant species are attacked by a number of pathogens; among them, the ones with a soil-borne lifestyle have become increasingly important. Verticillium stem stripe caused by Verticillium longisporum is one example. This fungal species is thought to be of a hybrid origin, having a genome composed of combinations of lineages denominated A and D. In this study we report the draft genomes of 2 V. longisporum field isolates sequenced using the Illumina technology. Genomic characterization and lineage composition, followed by selected gene analysis to facilitate the comprehension of its genomic features and potential effector categories were performed. Results The draft genomes of 2 Verticillium longisporum single spore isolates (VL1 and VL2) have an estimated ungapped size of about 70 Mb. The total number of protein encoding genes identified in VL1 was 20,793, whereas 21,072 gene models were predicted in VL2. The predicted genome size, gene contents, including the gene families coding for carbohydrate active enzymes were almost double the numbers found in V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were frequently distributed in the two genomes but the distribution of heterozygosity and depth was not independent. Further analysis of potential parental lineages suggests that the V. longisporum genome is composed of two parts, A1 and D1, where A1 is more ancient than the parental lineage genome D1, the latter being more closer related to V. dahliae. Presence of the mating-type genes MAT1–1-1 and MAT1–2-1 in the V. longisporum genomes were confirmed. However, the MAT genes in V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. longisporum have experienced extensive nucleotide changes at least partly explaining the present asexual nature of these fungal species. Conclusions The established draft genome of V. longisporum is comparatively large compared to other studied ascomycete fungi. Consequently, high numbers of genes were predicted in the two V. longisporum genomes, among them many secreted proteins and carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) encoding genes. The genome is composed of two parts, where one lineage is more ancient than the part being more closely related to V. dahliae. Dissimilar mating-type sequences were identified indicating possible ancient hybridization events. |
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| id | doaj.art-cc27aa4b164040a687aede7dff424c29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:29:22Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cc27aa4b164040a687aede7dff424c292022-12-22T02:54:19ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642018-01-0119111210.1186/s12864-017-4407-xAnalysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporumJohan Fogelqvist0Georgios Tzelepis1Sarosh Bejai2Jonas Ilbäck3Arne Schwelm4Christina Dixelius5Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Background Brassica plant species are attacked by a number of pathogens; among them, the ones with a soil-borne lifestyle have become increasingly important. Verticillium stem stripe caused by Verticillium longisporum is one example. This fungal species is thought to be of a hybrid origin, having a genome composed of combinations of lineages denominated A and D. In this study we report the draft genomes of 2 V. longisporum field isolates sequenced using the Illumina technology. Genomic characterization and lineage composition, followed by selected gene analysis to facilitate the comprehension of its genomic features and potential effector categories were performed. Results The draft genomes of 2 Verticillium longisporum single spore isolates (VL1 and VL2) have an estimated ungapped size of about 70 Mb. The total number of protein encoding genes identified in VL1 was 20,793, whereas 21,072 gene models were predicted in VL2. The predicted genome size, gene contents, including the gene families coding for carbohydrate active enzymes were almost double the numbers found in V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were frequently distributed in the two genomes but the distribution of heterozygosity and depth was not independent. Further analysis of potential parental lineages suggests that the V. longisporum genome is composed of two parts, A1 and D1, where A1 is more ancient than the parental lineage genome D1, the latter being more closer related to V. dahliae. Presence of the mating-type genes MAT1–1-1 and MAT1–2-1 in the V. longisporum genomes were confirmed. However, the MAT genes in V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. longisporum have experienced extensive nucleotide changes at least partly explaining the present asexual nature of these fungal species. Conclusions The established draft genome of V. longisporum is comparatively large compared to other studied ascomycete fungi. Consequently, high numbers of genes were predicted in the two V. longisporum genomes, among them many secreted proteins and carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) encoding genes. The genome is composed of two parts, where one lineage is more ancient than the part being more closely related to V. dahliae. Dissimilar mating-type sequences were identified indicating possible ancient hybridization events.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-017-4407-xBrassica napusCarbohydrate active enzymesMating-type genesVerticillium longisporum |
| spellingShingle | Johan Fogelqvist Georgios Tzelepis Sarosh Bejai Jonas Ilbäck Arne Schwelm Christina Dixelius Analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporum BMC Genomics Brassica napus Carbohydrate active enzymes Mating-type genes Verticillium longisporum |
| title | Analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporum |
| title_full | Analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporum |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporum |
| title_short | Analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporum |
| title_sort | analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil borne fungal species verticillium longisporum |
| topic | Brassica napus Carbohydrate active enzymes Mating-type genes Verticillium longisporum |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-017-4407-x |
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