Fe-Doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>: High-Performance Photocatalysts in Rhodamine B Decomposition
Herein, Fe-doped C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> high-performance photocatalysts, synthesized by a facile and cost effective heat stirring method, were investigated systematically using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/9/1963 |
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| author | Minh Nguyen Van Oanh Le Thi Mai Chung Pham Do Hang Lam Thi Cuong Pham Manh Hung Nguyen Manh Duyen Pham Thi Bich Do Danh |
| author_facet | Minh Nguyen Van Oanh Le Thi Mai Chung Pham Do Hang Lam Thi Cuong Pham Manh Hung Nguyen Manh Duyen Pham Thi Bich Do Danh |
| author_sort | Minh Nguyen Van |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Herein, Fe-doped C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> high-performance photocatalysts, synthesized by a facile and cost effective heat stirring method, were investigated systematically using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, X-ray photoelectron (XPS), UV–Vis diffusion reflectance (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results showed that Fe ions incorporated into a g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheet in both +3 and +2 oxidation states and in interstitial configuration. Absorption edge shifted slightly toward the red light along with an increase of absorbance in the wavelength range of 430–570 nm. Specific surface area increased with the incorporation of Fe into g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> lattice, reaching the highest value at the sample doped with 7 mol% Fe (FeCN7). A sharp decrease in PL intensity with increasing Fe content is an indirect evidence showing that electron-hole pair recombination rate decreased. Interestingly, Fe-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets present a superior photocatalytic activity compared to pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in decomposing RhB solution. FeCN7 sample exhibits the highest photocatalytic efficiency, decomposing almost completely RhB 10 ppm solution after 30 min of xenon lamp illumination with a reaction rate approximately ten times greater than that of pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheet. This is in an agreement with the BET measurement and photoluminescence result which shows that FeCN7 possesses the largest specific surface area and low electron-hole recombination rate. The mechanism of photocatalytic enhancement is mainly explained through the charge transfer processes related to Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> impurity in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> crystal lattice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:43:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cc3afa82b494417aaf0322964251787f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:43:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc3afa82b494417aaf0322964251787f2023-11-20T11:53:03ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-08-01129196310.3390/polym12091963Fe-Doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>: High-Performance Photocatalysts in Rhodamine B DecompositionMinh Nguyen Van0Oanh Le Thi Mai1Chung Pham Do2Hang Lam Thi3Cuong Pham Manh4Hung Nguyen Manh5Duyen Pham Thi6Bich Do Danh7Center for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, VietnamCenter for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Physics, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Basic Sciences, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, 41A Phu Dien Road, North Tu Liem, Hanoi 100000, VietnamCenter for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Physics, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Duc Thang ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi 100000, VietnamMilitary Science Academy, 322 Le Trong Tan street, Dinh Cong, Hoang Mai, Hanoi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Physics, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, VietnamHerein, Fe-doped C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> high-performance photocatalysts, synthesized by a facile and cost effective heat stirring method, were investigated systematically using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, X-ray photoelectron (XPS), UV–Vis diffusion reflectance (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results showed that Fe ions incorporated into a g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheet in both +3 and +2 oxidation states and in interstitial configuration. Absorption edge shifted slightly toward the red light along with an increase of absorbance in the wavelength range of 430–570 nm. Specific surface area increased with the incorporation of Fe into g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> lattice, reaching the highest value at the sample doped with 7 mol% Fe (FeCN7). A sharp decrease in PL intensity with increasing Fe content is an indirect evidence showing that electron-hole pair recombination rate decreased. Interestingly, Fe-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets present a superior photocatalytic activity compared to pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in decomposing RhB solution. FeCN7 sample exhibits the highest photocatalytic efficiency, decomposing almost completely RhB 10 ppm solution after 30 min of xenon lamp illumination with a reaction rate approximately ten times greater than that of pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheet. This is in an agreement with the BET measurement and photoluminescence result which shows that FeCN7 possesses the largest specific surface area and low electron-hole recombination rate. The mechanism of photocatalytic enhancement is mainly explained through the charge transfer processes related to Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> impurity in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> crystal lattice.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/9/1963Fe-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>photocatalytic performanceinterstitialrecombination rate |
| spellingShingle | Minh Nguyen Van Oanh Le Thi Mai Chung Pham Do Hang Lam Thi Cuong Pham Manh Hung Nguyen Manh Duyen Pham Thi Bich Do Danh Fe-Doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>: High-Performance Photocatalysts in Rhodamine B Decomposition Polymers Fe-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalytic performance interstitial recombination rate |
| title | Fe-Doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>: High-Performance Photocatalysts in Rhodamine B Decomposition |
| title_full | Fe-Doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>: High-Performance Photocatalysts in Rhodamine B Decomposition |
| title_fullStr | Fe-Doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>: High-Performance Photocatalysts in Rhodamine B Decomposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fe-Doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>: High-Performance Photocatalysts in Rhodamine B Decomposition |
| title_short | Fe-Doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>: High-Performance Photocatalysts in Rhodamine B Decomposition |
| title_sort | fe doped g c sub 3 sub n sub 4 sub high performance photocatalysts in rhodamine b decomposition |
| topic | Fe-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalytic performance interstitial recombination rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/9/1963 |
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