Plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at Sanzenbacher Ranch, early Permian of Texas, and implications for herbivory evolution in Southwestern Euramerica
IntroductionThe Sanzenbacher Ranch deposit represents an early Permian plant assemblage in north-central Texas predominantly composed of pteridosperms, of which callipterids are dominant. This study investigates the interactions of a taxonomically broad range of plant hosts with insects, mites, and...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2024.1368174/full |
| _version_ | 1797265484418121728 |
|---|---|
| author | Thamiris Barbosa Dos Santos Conrad C. Labandeira Conrad C. Labandeira Conrad C. Labandeira Esther Regina de Souza Pinheiro Roberto Iannuzzi |
| author_facet | Thamiris Barbosa Dos Santos Conrad C. Labandeira Conrad C. Labandeira Conrad C. Labandeira Esther Regina de Souza Pinheiro Roberto Iannuzzi |
| author_sort | Thamiris Barbosa Dos Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe Sanzenbacher Ranch deposit represents an early Permian plant assemblage in north-central Texas predominantly composed of pteridosperms, of which callipterids are dominant. This study investigates the interactions of a taxonomically broad range of plant hosts with insects, mites, and pathogens to assess the richness and frequency of damage.MethodsWe used standard methods of the functional feeding group--damage type system and analyses graphically illustrated as nonmetric multidimensional scaling.ResultsOf the total surface area represented, we quantified the fraction of the area herbivorized, providing a comparative perspective with regard to several similar studies of herbivory at nearby plant assemblages from the late Paleozoic. To assess insect herbivory, 1,361 plant specimens were analyzed, including fronds, leaves, reproductive structures, axes, and wood impressions. A total of 205 specimens presented one or more instances of insect herbivory (11.17%). Callipterid-peltasperms exhibited the highest number of interactions, with Autunia conferta, Rhachiphyllum schenkii, cf. Lodevia sp., cf. Comia sp., and an unidentified callipterid accounting for 49.34% of all interactions. Medullosans represented 10.53%, followed by lyginopterids with 8.55%. Forty-eight damage types (DTs) were recognized and classified into the nine functional feeding groups of hole feeding, margin feeding, surface feeding, piercing and sucking, oviposition, galling, seed predation, borings, and pathogens.DiscussionWhen compared to analogous late Paleozoic plant assemblages in Texas, Sanzenbacher Ranch exhibited almost all herbivore functional feeding groups, high richness of DTs, and low herbivory index of 0.26. This record shows high plant diversity in a seasonally dry environment that supports a trend of an early Permian increase in DT diversity in southwestern Euramerica. Sanzenbacher Ranch, different from other early Permian plant assemblages, sheds light on the dynamic ecological interactions of these ancient ecosystems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:45:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cc3fc2fa9da64f15911a19d4181b6f36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:45:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc3fc2fa9da64f15911a19d4181b6f362024-03-12T04:57:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2024-03-011210.3389/fevo.2024.13681741368174Plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at Sanzenbacher Ranch, early Permian of Texas, and implications for herbivory evolution in Southwestern EuramericaThamiris Barbosa Dos Santos0Conrad C. Labandeira1Conrad C. Labandeira2Conrad C. Labandeira3Esther Regina de Souza Pinheiro4Roberto Iannuzzi5Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilDepartment of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United StatesDepartment of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United StatesCapital Normal University, College of Life Science and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Beijing, ChinaDepartamento de Ciências Agrárias e da Terra, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Passos, Minhas Gerais, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilIntroductionThe Sanzenbacher Ranch deposit represents an early Permian plant assemblage in north-central Texas predominantly composed of pteridosperms, of which callipterids are dominant. This study investigates the interactions of a taxonomically broad range of plant hosts with insects, mites, and pathogens to assess the richness and frequency of damage.MethodsWe used standard methods of the functional feeding group--damage type system and analyses graphically illustrated as nonmetric multidimensional scaling.ResultsOf the total surface area represented, we quantified the fraction of the area herbivorized, providing a comparative perspective with regard to several similar studies of herbivory at nearby plant assemblages from the late Paleozoic. To assess insect herbivory, 1,361 plant specimens were analyzed, including fronds, leaves, reproductive structures, axes, and wood impressions. A total of 205 specimens presented one or more instances of insect herbivory (11.17%). Callipterid-peltasperms exhibited the highest number of interactions, with Autunia conferta, Rhachiphyllum schenkii, cf. Lodevia sp., cf. Comia sp., and an unidentified callipterid accounting for 49.34% of all interactions. Medullosans represented 10.53%, followed by lyginopterids with 8.55%. Forty-eight damage types (DTs) were recognized and classified into the nine functional feeding groups of hole feeding, margin feeding, surface feeding, piercing and sucking, oviposition, galling, seed predation, borings, and pathogens.DiscussionWhen compared to analogous late Paleozoic plant assemblages in Texas, Sanzenbacher Ranch exhibited almost all herbivore functional feeding groups, high richness of DTs, and low herbivory index of 0.26. This record shows high plant diversity in a seasonally dry environment that supports a trend of an early Permian increase in DT diversity in southwestern Euramerica. Sanzenbacher Ranch, different from other early Permian plant assemblages, sheds light on the dynamic ecological interactions of these ancient ecosystems.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2024.1368174/fullAutuniadamage typesfunctional feeding groupsherbivorypeltaspermsseed plants |
| spellingShingle | Thamiris Barbosa Dos Santos Conrad C. Labandeira Conrad C. Labandeira Conrad C. Labandeira Esther Regina de Souza Pinheiro Roberto Iannuzzi Plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at Sanzenbacher Ranch, early Permian of Texas, and implications for herbivory evolution in Southwestern Euramerica Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Autunia damage types functional feeding groups herbivory peltasperms seed plants |
| title | Plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at Sanzenbacher Ranch, early Permian of Texas, and implications for herbivory evolution in Southwestern Euramerica |
| title_full | Plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at Sanzenbacher Ranch, early Permian of Texas, and implications for herbivory evolution in Southwestern Euramerica |
| title_fullStr | Plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at Sanzenbacher Ranch, early Permian of Texas, and implications for herbivory evolution in Southwestern Euramerica |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at Sanzenbacher Ranch, early Permian of Texas, and implications for herbivory evolution in Southwestern Euramerica |
| title_short | Plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at Sanzenbacher Ranch, early Permian of Texas, and implications for herbivory evolution in Southwestern Euramerica |
| title_sort | plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at sanzenbacher ranch early permian of texas and implications for herbivory evolution in southwestern euramerica |
| topic | Autunia damage types functional feeding groups herbivory peltasperms seed plants |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2024.1368174/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thamirisbarbosadossantos plantinteractionswitharthropodsandpathogensatsanzenbacherranchearlypermianoftexasandimplicationsforherbivoryevolutioninsouthwesterneuramerica AT conradclabandeira plantinteractionswitharthropodsandpathogensatsanzenbacherranchearlypermianoftexasandimplicationsforherbivoryevolutioninsouthwesterneuramerica AT conradclabandeira plantinteractionswitharthropodsandpathogensatsanzenbacherranchearlypermianoftexasandimplicationsforherbivoryevolutioninsouthwesterneuramerica AT conradclabandeira plantinteractionswitharthropodsandpathogensatsanzenbacherranchearlypermianoftexasandimplicationsforherbivoryevolutioninsouthwesterneuramerica AT estherreginadesouzapinheiro plantinteractionswitharthropodsandpathogensatsanzenbacherranchearlypermianoftexasandimplicationsforherbivoryevolutioninsouthwesterneuramerica AT robertoiannuzzi plantinteractionswitharthropodsandpathogensatsanzenbacherranchearlypermianoftexasandimplicationsforherbivoryevolutioninsouthwesterneuramerica |