Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches
Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a transient reversible subtotal or complete occlusion induced by coronary hypercontraction and the critical cause of myocardial ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries. During the past decades, our knowledge of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanism...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IMR Press
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/23/5/10.31083/j.rcm2305175 |
| _version_ | 1811243276716474368 |
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| author | Zijie Lin Xinyi Lin Xin Zhao Chenchao Xu Bokang Yu Yiwen Shen Liliang Li |
| author_facet | Zijie Lin Xinyi Lin Xin Zhao Chenchao Xu Bokang Yu Yiwen Shen Liliang Li |
| author_sort | Zijie Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a transient reversible subtotal or complete occlusion induced by coronary hypercontraction and the critical cause of myocardial ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries. During the past decades, our knowledge of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of CAS have been increasingly progressed, and various diagnostic approaches, including imaging technologies and novel biomarkers, have been proposed to serve well to diagnose CAS clinically. This review aims to summarize these research progresses on the risk factors of CAS and introduce current knowledge about the mechanisms accounting for CAS, including endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell hyperreactivity, and adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue inflammation. We also gathered the recently evolved diagnostic approaches and analyzed their advantages/disadvantages, in purpose of enhancing the diagnostic yield on the basis of ensuring accuracy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T14:04:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cc524351cb5043c8b6569e82f350baad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1530-6550 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T14:04:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc524351cb5043c8b6569e82f350baad2022-12-22T03:30:06ZengIMR PressReviews in Cardiovascular Medicine1530-65502022-05-0123517510.31083/j.rcm2305175S1530-6550(22)00517-8Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic ApproachesZijie Lin0Xinyi Lin1Xin Zhao2Chenchao Xu3Bokang Yu4Yiwen Shen5Liliang Li6Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, ChinaCoronary artery spasm (CAS) is a transient reversible subtotal or complete occlusion induced by coronary hypercontraction and the critical cause of myocardial ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries. During the past decades, our knowledge of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of CAS have been increasingly progressed, and various diagnostic approaches, including imaging technologies and novel biomarkers, have been proposed to serve well to diagnose CAS clinically. This review aims to summarize these research progresses on the risk factors of CAS and introduce current knowledge about the mechanisms accounting for CAS, including endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell hyperreactivity, and adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue inflammation. We also gathered the recently evolved diagnostic approaches and analyzed their advantages/disadvantages, in purpose of enhancing the diagnostic yield on the basis of ensuring accuracy.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/23/5/10.31083/j.rcm2305175coronary artery spasmrisk factorsendothelial dysfunctionvascular smooth muscle cell hyperreactivityadventitial inflammationdiagnostic approaches |
| spellingShingle | Zijie Lin Xinyi Lin Xin Zhao Chenchao Xu Bokang Yu Yiwen Shen Liliang Li Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine coronary artery spasm risk factors endothelial dysfunction vascular smooth muscle cell hyperreactivity adventitial inflammation diagnostic approaches |
| title | Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches |
| title_full | Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches |
| title_fullStr | Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches |
| title_short | Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches |
| title_sort | coronary artery spasm risk factors pathophysiological mechanisms and novel diagnostic approaches |
| topic | coronary artery spasm risk factors endothelial dysfunction vascular smooth muscle cell hyperreactivity adventitial inflammation diagnostic approaches |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/23/5/10.31083/j.rcm2305175 |
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