Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin
This study compares the degradation process of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) and their biocomposites with kraft lignin. In order to study their degradation, accelerated aging, immersion in different solvents, microwave radiation and high temperature were applied. The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/4/1286 |
| _version_ | 1797478572324028416 |
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| author | Przemysław Pączkowski Andrzej Puszka Barbara Gawdzik |
| author_facet | Przemysław Pączkowski Andrzej Puszka Barbara Gawdzik |
| author_sort | Przemysław Pączkowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study compares the degradation process of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) and their biocomposites with kraft lignin. In order to study their degradation, accelerated aging, immersion in different solvents, microwave radiation and high temperature were applied. The results show that, depending on the conditions, the degradation assumes a different course. The VER resin is more chemically resistant than the UPR resin. In the case of the composites immersed in an aggressive solvent (acetone), it can be observed that the polymer matrix is degraded, whereas in water only a small increase of weight takes place. Immersion in NaOH initiates the degradation process consisting in the hydrolysis of ester bonds, which are especially observed for pure resins. Under the influence of UV radiation and microwaves, the resins are additionally cross-linked. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that in the case of composites heated to 1000 °C, a residual mass remains, which is carbonized with lignin. In turn, composites treated with microwaves lost weight. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:33:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cc6227829c08417887a58d95b5d7dfb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:33:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc6227829c08417887a58d95b5d7dfb52023-11-23T20:50:57ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-02-01154128610.3390/ma15041286Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester ResinPrzemysław Pączkowski0Andrzej Puszka1Barbara Gawdzik2Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, PolandThis study compares the degradation process of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) and their biocomposites with kraft lignin. In order to study their degradation, accelerated aging, immersion in different solvents, microwave radiation and high temperature were applied. The results show that, depending on the conditions, the degradation assumes a different course. The VER resin is more chemically resistant than the UPR resin. In the case of the composites immersed in an aggressive solvent (acetone), it can be observed that the polymer matrix is degraded, whereas in water only a small increase of weight takes place. Immersion in NaOH initiates the degradation process consisting in the hydrolysis of ester bonds, which are especially observed for pure resins. Under the influence of UV radiation and microwaves, the resins are additionally cross-linked. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that in the case of composites heated to 1000 °C, a residual mass remains, which is carbonized with lignin. In turn, composites treated with microwaves lost weight.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/4/1286ligninbiofillercompositesunsaturated polyester resinvinyl ester resindegradation study |
| spellingShingle | Przemysław Pączkowski Andrzej Puszka Barbara Gawdzik Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin Materials lignin biofiller composites unsaturated polyester resin vinyl ester resin degradation study |
| title | Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin |
| title_full | Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin |
| title_short | Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin |
| title_sort | investigation of degradation of composites based on unsaturated polyester resin and vinyl ester resin |
| topic | lignin biofiller composites unsaturated polyester resin vinyl ester resin degradation study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/4/1286 |
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