Highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic rats
Despite advances in managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and success in the treatment prognosis using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The clinical efficacy of this regimen has been associated with increased adverse effects such as metabolic derangements and reproductiv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021026839 |
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| author | Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede Sodiq Kolawole Lawal Ayobami Dare Roshila Moodley Carmen Olivia Rennie Edwin C.S. Naidu Onyemaechi Okpara Azu |
| author_facet | Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede Sodiq Kolawole Lawal Ayobami Dare Roshila Moodley Carmen Olivia Rennie Edwin C.S. Naidu Onyemaechi Okpara Azu |
| author_sort | Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite advances in managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and success in the treatment prognosis using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The clinical efficacy of this regimen has been associated with increased adverse effects such as metabolic derangements and reproductive dysfunctions. These adverse effects necessitate a nanoparticle delivery vehicle like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), a multi-functional drug delivery system, to transport the HAART to the viral reservoir site like testis.This study was therefore designed to evaluate the effects of HAART loaded AgNPs (HAART-AgNPs) on testicular oxidative stress markers, an inflammatory biomarker, and histomorphology in a rat model of diabetes.Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 18) non-diabetic and fructose-streptozotocin (Frt-STZ) induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Thereafter, both groups were subdivided into three (n = 6) and treated with distilled water, HAART and HAART-AgNPs.HAART-AgNPs caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in catalase (23.43 ± 0.92) level vs diabetic control (16.95 ± 1.04). Also, HAART-AgNP caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and blood glucose levels (1.94 ± 0.06, 93.65 ± 3.6, 287.33 ± 22.85 respectively), compared to their respective diabetic control values (2.18 ± 0.12, 143.4 ± 9.2, 372.16 ± 23.16). Furthermore, HAART-AgNPs mitigated tubular atrophy, basement membrane thickening, interstitial distension, fibrous elemental distortion and peri-interstitial tissue alterations in the testis of diabetic rats.The results from this study showed that administration of HAART-AgNPs to diabetic rats reduced testicular inflammation, improved glycaemic control, antioxidant status, and testicular histology. Therefore, conjugation of AgNP with HAART may cater for the reproductive dysfunction during the management of HIV infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:35:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cc65b1b370c24d82a2cc5bf4af12464f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:35:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc65b1b370c24d82a2cc5bf4af12464f2022-12-21T23:30:42ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402021-12-01712e08580Highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic ratsSamuel Oluwaseun Olojede0Sodiq Kolawole Lawal1Ayobami Dare2Roshila Moodley3Carmen Olivia Rennie4Edwin C.S. Naidu5Onyemaechi Okpara Azu6Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Corresponding author.Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South AfricaDiscipline of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaSchool of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South AfricaDiscipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South AfricaDiscipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South AfricaDepartment of Human, Biological & Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Hage Geingob Campus, Private, bag 13301, NamibiaDespite advances in managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and success in the treatment prognosis using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The clinical efficacy of this regimen has been associated with increased adverse effects such as metabolic derangements and reproductive dysfunctions. These adverse effects necessitate a nanoparticle delivery vehicle like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), a multi-functional drug delivery system, to transport the HAART to the viral reservoir site like testis.This study was therefore designed to evaluate the effects of HAART loaded AgNPs (HAART-AgNPs) on testicular oxidative stress markers, an inflammatory biomarker, and histomorphology in a rat model of diabetes.Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 18) non-diabetic and fructose-streptozotocin (Frt-STZ) induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Thereafter, both groups were subdivided into three (n = 6) and treated with distilled water, HAART and HAART-AgNPs.HAART-AgNPs caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in catalase (23.43 ± 0.92) level vs diabetic control (16.95 ± 1.04). Also, HAART-AgNP caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and blood glucose levels (1.94 ± 0.06, 93.65 ± 3.6, 287.33 ± 22.85 respectively), compared to their respective diabetic control values (2.18 ± 0.12, 143.4 ± 9.2, 372.16 ± 23.16). Furthermore, HAART-AgNPs mitigated tubular atrophy, basement membrane thickening, interstitial distension, fibrous elemental distortion and peri-interstitial tissue alterations in the testis of diabetic rats.The results from this study showed that administration of HAART-AgNPs to diabetic rats reduced testicular inflammation, improved glycaemic control, antioxidant status, and testicular histology. Therefore, conjugation of AgNP with HAART may cater for the reproductive dysfunction during the management of HIV infection.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021026839Highly active antiretroviral therapyReproductive dysfunctionHIVSilver nanoparticleTestis |
| spellingShingle | Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede Sodiq Kolawole Lawal Ayobami Dare Roshila Moodley Carmen Olivia Rennie Edwin C.S. Naidu Onyemaechi Okpara Azu Highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic rats Heliyon Highly active antiretroviral therapy Reproductive dysfunction HIV Silver nanoparticle Testis |
| title | Highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic rats |
| title_full | Highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic rats |
| title_fullStr | Highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic rats |
| title_short | Highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic rats |
| title_sort | highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type 2 diabetic rats |
| topic | Highly active antiretroviral therapy Reproductive dysfunction HIV Silver nanoparticle Testis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021026839 |
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