Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals
Background Several small‐scale animal studies have suggested that gut microbiota and blood pressure (BP) are linked. However, results from human studies remain scarce and conflicting. We wanted to elucidate the multivariable‐adjusted association between gut metagenome and BP in a large, representati...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.120.016641 |
| _version_ | 1818775071810912256 |
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| author | Joonatan Palmu Aaro Salosensaari Aki S. Havulinna Susan Cheng Michael Inouye Mohit Jain Rodolfo A. Salido Karenina Sanders Caitriona Brennan Gregory C. Humphrey Jon G. Sanders Erkki Vartiainen Tiina Laatikainen Pekka Jousilahti Veikko Salomaa Rob Knight Leo Lahti Teemu J. Niiranen |
| author_facet | Joonatan Palmu Aaro Salosensaari Aki S. Havulinna Susan Cheng Michael Inouye Mohit Jain Rodolfo A. Salido Karenina Sanders Caitriona Brennan Gregory C. Humphrey Jon G. Sanders Erkki Vartiainen Tiina Laatikainen Pekka Jousilahti Veikko Salomaa Rob Knight Leo Lahti Teemu J. Niiranen |
| author_sort | Joonatan Palmu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Several small‐scale animal studies have suggested that gut microbiota and blood pressure (BP) are linked. However, results from human studies remain scarce and conflicting. We wanted to elucidate the multivariable‐adjusted association between gut metagenome and BP in a large, representative, well‐phenotyped population sample. We performed a focused analysis to examine the previously reported inverse associations between sodium intake and Lactobacillus abundance and between Lactobacillus abundance and BP. Methods and Results We studied a population sample of 6953 Finns aged 25 to 74 years (mean age, 49.2±12.9 years; 54.9% women). The participants underwent a health examination, which included BP measurement, stool collection, and 24‐hour urine sampling (N=829). Gut microbiota was analyzed using shallow shotgun metagenome sequencing. In age‐ and sex‐adjusted models, the α (within‐sample) and β (between‐sample) diversities of taxonomic composition were strongly related to BP indexes (P<0.001 for most). In multivariable‐adjusted models, β diversity was only associated with diastolic BP (P=0.032). However, we observed significant, mainly positive, associations between BP indexes and 45 microbial genera (P<0.05), of which 27 belong to the phylum Firmicutes. Interestingly, we found mostly negative associations between 19 distinct Lactobacillus species and BP indexes (P<0.05). Of these, greater abundance of the known probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei was associated with lower mean arterial pressure and lower dietary sodium intake (P<0.001 for both). Conclusions Although the associations between overall gut taxonomic composition and BP are weak, individuals with hypertension demonstrate changes in several genera. We demonstrate strong negative associations of certain Lactobacillus species with sodium intake and BP, highlighting the need for experimental studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T10:51:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cc7c70d45d0646b39ebc9d16d5ca6be5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T10:51:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc7c70d45d0646b39ebc9d16d5ca6be52022-12-21T21:10:26ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802020-08-0191510.1161/JAHA.120.016641Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 IndividualsJoonatan Palmu0Aaro Salosensaari1Aki S. Havulinna2Susan Cheng3Michael Inouye4Mohit Jain5Rodolfo A. Salido6Karenina Sanders7Caitriona Brennan8Gregory C. Humphrey9Jon G. Sanders10Erkki Vartiainen11Tiina Laatikainen12Pekka Jousilahti13Veikko Salomaa14Rob Knight15Leo Lahti16Teemu J. Niiranen17Department of Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku FinlandDepartment of Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku FinlandDepartment of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDivision of Cardiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston MACambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne AustraliaDepartments of Medicine and Pharmacology University of California, San Diego San Diego CADepartment of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego CADepartment of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego CADepartment of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego CADepartment of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego CADepartment of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego CADepartment of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego CADepartment of Future Technologies University of Turku FinlandDepartment of Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku FinlandBackground Several small‐scale animal studies have suggested that gut microbiota and blood pressure (BP) are linked. However, results from human studies remain scarce and conflicting. We wanted to elucidate the multivariable‐adjusted association between gut metagenome and BP in a large, representative, well‐phenotyped population sample. We performed a focused analysis to examine the previously reported inverse associations between sodium intake and Lactobacillus abundance and between Lactobacillus abundance and BP. Methods and Results We studied a population sample of 6953 Finns aged 25 to 74 years (mean age, 49.2±12.9 years; 54.9% women). The participants underwent a health examination, which included BP measurement, stool collection, and 24‐hour urine sampling (N=829). Gut microbiota was analyzed using shallow shotgun metagenome sequencing. In age‐ and sex‐adjusted models, the α (within‐sample) and β (between‐sample) diversities of taxonomic composition were strongly related to BP indexes (P<0.001 for most). In multivariable‐adjusted models, β diversity was only associated with diastolic BP (P=0.032). However, we observed significant, mainly positive, associations between BP indexes and 45 microbial genera (P<0.05), of which 27 belong to the phylum Firmicutes. Interestingly, we found mostly negative associations between 19 distinct Lactobacillus species and BP indexes (P<0.05). Of these, greater abundance of the known probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei was associated with lower mean arterial pressure and lower dietary sodium intake (P<0.001 for both). Conclusions Although the associations between overall gut taxonomic composition and BP are weak, individuals with hypertension demonstrate changes in several genera. We demonstrate strong negative associations of certain Lactobacillus species with sodium intake and BP, highlighting the need for experimental studies.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.120.016641blood pressuregastrointestinal microbiotahypertensionLactobacillussalt intake |
| spellingShingle | Joonatan Palmu Aaro Salosensaari Aki S. Havulinna Susan Cheng Michael Inouye Mohit Jain Rodolfo A. Salido Karenina Sanders Caitriona Brennan Gregory C. Humphrey Jon G. Sanders Erkki Vartiainen Tiina Laatikainen Pekka Jousilahti Veikko Salomaa Rob Knight Leo Lahti Teemu J. Niiranen Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease blood pressure gastrointestinal microbiota hypertension Lactobacillus salt intake |
| title | Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals |
| title_full | Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals |
| title_fullStr | Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals |
| title_short | Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals |
| title_sort | association between the gut microbiota and blood pressure in a population cohort of 6953 individuals |
| topic | blood pressure gastrointestinal microbiota hypertension Lactobacillus salt intake |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.120.016641 |
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