Proportional sway-based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balance
IntroductionPlantar cutaneous augmentation is a promising approach in balance rehabilitation by enhancing motion-dependent sensory feedback. The effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance has been mainly investigated in its passive form (e.g., textured insole) or on lower-limb amputees. In...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1249783/full |
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| author | V. S. Raghav Hari Krishna Jeonghee Kim Shuo-Hsiu Chang Yoonsuck Choe Hangue Park Hangue Park Hangue Park |
| author_facet | V. S. Raghav Hari Krishna Jeonghee Kim Shuo-Hsiu Chang Yoonsuck Choe Hangue Park Hangue Park Hangue Park |
| author_sort | V. S. Raghav Hari Krishna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPlantar cutaneous augmentation is a promising approach in balance rehabilitation by enhancing motion-dependent sensory feedback. The effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance has been mainly investigated in its passive form (e.g., textured insole) or on lower-limb amputees. In this study, we tested the effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance in its active form (i.e., electrical stimulation) for individuals with intact limbs.MethodsTen healthy subjects participated in the study and were instructed to maintain their balance as long as possible on the balance board, with or without electrotactile feedback evoked on the medial side of the heel, synched with the lateral board sway. Electrotactile feedback was given in two different modes: 1) Discrete-mode E-stim as the stimulation on/off by a predefined threshold of lateral board sway and 2) Proportional-mode E-stim as the stimulation frequency proportional to the amount of lateral board sway. All subjects were distracted from the balancing task by the n-back counting task, to test subjects’ balancing capability with minimal cognitive involvement.ResultsProportional-mode E-stim, along with the n-back counting task, increased the balance time from 1.86 ± 0.03 s to 1.98 ± 0.04 s (p = 0.010). However, discrete-mode E-stim did not change the balance time (p = 0.669). Proportional-mode E-stim also increased the time duration per each swayed state (p = 0.035) while discrete-mode E-stim did not (p = 0.053).DiscussionThese results suggest that proportional-mode E-stim is more effective than discrete-mode E-stim on improving standing balance. It is perhaps because the proportional electrotactile feedback better mimics the natural tactile sensation of foot pressure than its discrete counterpart. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:57:25Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:57:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc8768c8f6344264846117c5a148aa012024-03-18T04:35:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2024-03-011810.3389/fnins.2024.12497831249783Proportional sway-based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balanceV. S. Raghav Hari Krishna0Jeonghee Kim1Shuo-Hsiu Chang2Yoonsuck Choe3Hangue Park4Hangue Park5Hangue Park6Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Artificial Intelligence, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United StatesDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesIntroductionPlantar cutaneous augmentation is a promising approach in balance rehabilitation by enhancing motion-dependent sensory feedback. The effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance has been mainly investigated in its passive form (e.g., textured insole) or on lower-limb amputees. In this study, we tested the effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance in its active form (i.e., electrical stimulation) for individuals with intact limbs.MethodsTen healthy subjects participated in the study and were instructed to maintain their balance as long as possible on the balance board, with or without electrotactile feedback evoked on the medial side of the heel, synched with the lateral board sway. Electrotactile feedback was given in two different modes: 1) Discrete-mode E-stim as the stimulation on/off by a predefined threshold of lateral board sway and 2) Proportional-mode E-stim as the stimulation frequency proportional to the amount of lateral board sway. All subjects were distracted from the balancing task by the n-back counting task, to test subjects’ balancing capability with minimal cognitive involvement.ResultsProportional-mode E-stim, along with the n-back counting task, increased the balance time from 1.86 ± 0.03 s to 1.98 ± 0.04 s (p = 0.010). However, discrete-mode E-stim did not change the balance time (p = 0.669). Proportional-mode E-stim also increased the time duration per each swayed state (p = 0.035) while discrete-mode E-stim did not (p = 0.053).DiscussionThese results suggest that proportional-mode E-stim is more effective than discrete-mode E-stim on improving standing balance. It is perhaps because the proportional electrotactile feedback better mimics the natural tactile sensation of foot pressure than its discrete counterpart.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1249783/fullstanding balanceneuromodulationelectrotactile feedbackelectrical stimulationcalcaneal nerve stimulation |
| spellingShingle | V. S. Raghav Hari Krishna Jeonghee Kim Shuo-Hsiu Chang Yoonsuck Choe Hangue Park Hangue Park Hangue Park Proportional sway-based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balance Frontiers in Neuroscience standing balance neuromodulation electrotactile feedback electrical stimulation calcaneal nerve stimulation |
| title | Proportional sway-based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balance |
| title_full | Proportional sway-based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balance |
| title_fullStr | Proportional sway-based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proportional sway-based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balance |
| title_short | Proportional sway-based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balance |
| title_sort | proportional sway based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balance |
| topic | standing balance neuromodulation electrotactile feedback electrical stimulation calcaneal nerve stimulation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1249783/full |
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