Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas
<i>Brassica</i> species show varying levels of resistance to salt stress. To understand the genetics underlying these differential stress tolerance patterns in Brassicas, we exposed two widely cultivated amphidiploid <i>Brassica</i> species having different genomes, <i>...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2590 |
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| author | Nisma Farooq Muhammad Omar Khan Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed Samia Fatima Muhammad Asif Nawaz Zainul Abideen Brent L. Nielsen Niaz Ahmad |
| author_facet | Nisma Farooq Muhammad Omar Khan Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed Samia Fatima Muhammad Asif Nawaz Zainul Abideen Brent L. Nielsen Niaz Ahmad |
| author_sort | Nisma Farooq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Brassica</i> species show varying levels of resistance to salt stress. To understand the genetics underlying these differential stress tolerance patterns in Brassicas, we exposed two widely cultivated amphidiploid <i>Brassica</i> species having different genomes, <i>Brassica juncea</i> (AABB, <i>n</i> = 18) and <i>Brassica napus</i> (AACC, <i>n</i> = 19), to elevated levels of NaCl concentration (300 mM, half the salinity of seawater). <i>B. juncea</i> produced more biomass, an increased chlorophyll content, and fewer accumulated sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) and chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>) ions in its photosynthesizing tissues. Chlorophyll fluorescence assays revealed that the reaction centers of PSII of <i>B. juncea</i> were more photoprotected and hence more active than those of <i>B. napus</i> under NaCl stress, which, in turn, resulted in a better PSII quantum efficiency, better utilization of photochemical energy with significantly reduced energy loss, and higher electron transport rates, even under stressful conditions. The expression of key genes responsible for salt tolerance (<i>NHX1</i> and <i>AVP1</i>, which are nuclear-encoded) and photosynthesis (<i>psbA</i>, <i>psaA</i>, <i>petB</i>, and <i>rbcL</i>, which are chloroplast-encoded) were monitored for their genetic differences underlying stress tolerance. Under NaCl stress, the expression of <i>NHX1</i>, <i>D1</i>, and <i>Rubisco</i> increased several folds in <i>B. juncea</i> plants compared to <i>B. napus</i>, highlighting differences in genetics between these two Brassicas. The higher photosynthetic potential under stress suggests that <i>B. juncea</i> is a promising candidate for genetic modifications and its cultivation on marginal lands. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:43:21Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:43:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc8bc9d633624cc0abb9865ef8cb6eda2023-11-18T20:59:11ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-07-011214259010.3390/plants12142590Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid BrassicasNisma Farooq0Muhammad Omar Khan1Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed2Samia Fatima3Muhammad Asif Nawaz4Zainul Abideen5Brent L. Nielsen6Niaz Ahmad7National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, PakistanNational Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDr Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanNational Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, PakistanNational Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDr Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanMicrobiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USANational Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan<i>Brassica</i> species show varying levels of resistance to salt stress. To understand the genetics underlying these differential stress tolerance patterns in Brassicas, we exposed two widely cultivated amphidiploid <i>Brassica</i> species having different genomes, <i>Brassica juncea</i> (AABB, <i>n</i> = 18) and <i>Brassica napus</i> (AACC, <i>n</i> = 19), to elevated levels of NaCl concentration (300 mM, half the salinity of seawater). <i>B. juncea</i> produced more biomass, an increased chlorophyll content, and fewer accumulated sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) and chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>) ions in its photosynthesizing tissues. Chlorophyll fluorescence assays revealed that the reaction centers of PSII of <i>B. juncea</i> were more photoprotected and hence more active than those of <i>B. napus</i> under NaCl stress, which, in turn, resulted in a better PSII quantum efficiency, better utilization of photochemical energy with significantly reduced energy loss, and higher electron transport rates, even under stressful conditions. The expression of key genes responsible for salt tolerance (<i>NHX1</i> and <i>AVP1</i>, which are nuclear-encoded) and photosynthesis (<i>psbA</i>, <i>psaA</i>, <i>petB</i>, and <i>rbcL</i>, which are chloroplast-encoded) were monitored for their genetic differences underlying stress tolerance. Under NaCl stress, the expression of <i>NHX1</i>, <i>D1</i>, and <i>Rubisco</i> increased several folds in <i>B. juncea</i> plants compared to <i>B. napus</i>, highlighting differences in genetics between these two Brassicas. The higher photosynthetic potential under stress suggests that <i>B. juncea</i> is a promising candidate for genetic modifications and its cultivation on marginal lands.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2590salt tolerancemarginal landsphotosynthesisphotosystem II<i>Brassica juncea</i><i>Brassica napus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Nisma Farooq Muhammad Omar Khan Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed Samia Fatima Muhammad Asif Nawaz Zainul Abideen Brent L. Nielsen Niaz Ahmad Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas Plants salt tolerance marginal lands photosynthesis photosystem II <i>Brassica juncea</i> <i>Brassica napus</i> |
| title | Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas |
| title_full | Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas |
| title_fullStr | Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas |
| title_short | Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas |
| title_sort | salt induced modulation of ion transport and psii photoprotection determine the salinity tolerance of amphidiploid brassicas |
| topic | salt tolerance marginal lands photosynthesis photosystem II <i>Brassica juncea</i> <i>Brassica napus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2590 |
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