Bioprospecting of Novel Extremozymes From Prokaryotes—The Advent of Culture-Independent Methods
Extremophiles are remarkable organisms that thrive in the harshest environments on Earth, such as hydrothermal vents, hypersaline lakes and pools, alkaline soda lakes, deserts, cold oceans, and volcanic areas. These organisms have developed several strategies to overcome environmental stress and nut...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.630013/full |
| _version_ | 1818916595386286080 |
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| author | Maksim Sysoev Stefan W. Grötzinger Dominik Renn Jörg Eppinger Jörg Eppinger Magnus Rueping Magnus Rueping Ram Karan |
| author_facet | Maksim Sysoev Stefan W. Grötzinger Dominik Renn Jörg Eppinger Jörg Eppinger Magnus Rueping Magnus Rueping Ram Karan |
| author_sort | Maksim Sysoev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extremophiles are remarkable organisms that thrive in the harshest environments on Earth, such as hydrothermal vents, hypersaline lakes and pools, alkaline soda lakes, deserts, cold oceans, and volcanic areas. These organisms have developed several strategies to overcome environmental stress and nutrient limitations. Thus, they are among the best model organisms to study adaptive mechanisms that lead to stress tolerance. Genetic and structural information derived from extremophiles and extremozymes can be used for bioengineering other nontolerant enzymes. Furthermore, extremophiles can be a valuable resource for novel biotechnological and biomedical products due to their biosynthetic properties. However, understanding life under extreme conditions is challenging due to the difficulties of in vitro cultivation and observation since > 99% of organisms cannot be cultivated. Consequently, only a minor percentage of the potential extremophiles on Earth have been discovered and characterized. Herein, we present a review of culture-independent methods, sequence-based metagenomics (SBM), and single amplified genomes (SAGs) for studying enzymes from extremophiles, with a focus on prokaryotic (archaea and bacteria) microorganisms. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive list of extremozymes discovered via metagenomics and SAGs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T00:20:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cc8c5d5222e24b24bbeef5b10733a7bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T00:20:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc8c5d5222e24b24bbeef5b10733a7bc2022-12-21T20:00:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-02-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.630013630013Bioprospecting of Novel Extremozymes From Prokaryotes—The Advent of Culture-Independent MethodsMaksim Sysoev0Stefan W. Grötzinger1Dominik Renn2Jörg Eppinger3Jörg Eppinger4Magnus Rueping5Magnus Rueping6Ram Karan7KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaKAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaKAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaKAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaInstitute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyKAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaInstitute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyKAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaExtremophiles are remarkable organisms that thrive in the harshest environments on Earth, such as hydrothermal vents, hypersaline lakes and pools, alkaline soda lakes, deserts, cold oceans, and volcanic areas. These organisms have developed several strategies to overcome environmental stress and nutrient limitations. Thus, they are among the best model organisms to study adaptive mechanisms that lead to stress tolerance. Genetic and structural information derived from extremophiles and extremozymes can be used for bioengineering other nontolerant enzymes. Furthermore, extremophiles can be a valuable resource for novel biotechnological and biomedical products due to their biosynthetic properties. However, understanding life under extreme conditions is challenging due to the difficulties of in vitro cultivation and observation since > 99% of organisms cannot be cultivated. Consequently, only a minor percentage of the potential extremophiles on Earth have been discovered and characterized. Herein, we present a review of culture-independent methods, sequence-based metagenomics (SBM), and single amplified genomes (SAGs) for studying enzymes from extremophiles, with a focus on prokaryotic (archaea and bacteria) microorganisms. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive list of extremozymes discovered via metagenomics and SAGs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.630013/fullextremophileculture-independent methodsmetagenomicsSAGhalophilesthermophiles |
| spellingShingle | Maksim Sysoev Stefan W. Grötzinger Dominik Renn Jörg Eppinger Jörg Eppinger Magnus Rueping Magnus Rueping Ram Karan Bioprospecting of Novel Extremozymes From Prokaryotes—The Advent of Culture-Independent Methods Frontiers in Microbiology extremophile culture-independent methods metagenomics SAG halophiles thermophiles |
| title | Bioprospecting of Novel Extremozymes From Prokaryotes—The Advent of Culture-Independent Methods |
| title_full | Bioprospecting of Novel Extremozymes From Prokaryotes—The Advent of Culture-Independent Methods |
| title_fullStr | Bioprospecting of Novel Extremozymes From Prokaryotes—The Advent of Culture-Independent Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioprospecting of Novel Extremozymes From Prokaryotes—The Advent of Culture-Independent Methods |
| title_short | Bioprospecting of Novel Extremozymes From Prokaryotes—The Advent of Culture-Independent Methods |
| title_sort | bioprospecting of novel extremozymes from prokaryotes the advent of culture independent methods |
| topic | extremophile culture-independent methods metagenomics SAG halophiles thermophiles |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.630013/full |
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