Patient and pharmacist perspectives on opioid misuse screening and brief interventions in community pharmacies
Abstract Background Pharmacy-based screening and brief interventions (SBI) offer opportunities to identify opioid misuse and opioid safety risks and provide brief interventions that do not overly burden pharmacists. Currently, such interventions are being developed without patient input and in-depth...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Addiction Science & Clinical Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-024-00460-y |
| _version_ | 1797209160857681920 |
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| author | Deepika Rao James H. Ford Olayinka O. Shiyanbola |
| author_facet | Deepika Rao James H. Ford Olayinka O. Shiyanbola |
| author_sort | Deepika Rao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Pharmacy-based screening and brief interventions (SBI) offer opportunities to identify opioid misuse and opioid safety risks and provide brief interventions that do not overly burden pharmacists. Currently, such interventions are being developed without patient input and in-depth contextual data and insufficient translation into practice. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore and compare patient and pharmacist perceptions and needs regarding a pharmacy-based opioid misuse SBI and to identify relevant SBI features and future implementation strategies. Methods Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 8 patients and 11 pharmacists, to explore needs and barriers to participating in a pharmacy-based SBI. We recruited a purposive sample of English-speaking patients prescribed opioids for chronic or acute pain and pharmacists practicing in varied pharmacies (small independent, large-chain, specialty retail) settings. We used an inductive content analysis approach to analyze patient interview data. Then through a template analysis approach involving comparison of pharmacist and patient themes, we developed strategies for SBI implementation. Results Most patient participants were white, older, described living in suburban areas, and were long-term opioid users. We identified template themes related to individual, interpersonal, intervention, and implementation factors and inferred applications for SBI design or potential SBI implementation strategies. We found that patients needed education on opioid safety and general opioid use, regardless of opioid use behaviors. Pharmacists described needing patient-centered training, protocols, and scripts to provide SBI. A short-self-reported screening and brief interventions including counseling, naloxone, and involving prescribers were discussed by both groups. Conclusions Through this implementation-focused qualitative study, we identified patient needs such as opioid safety education delivered in a private and convenient format and pharmacist needs including training, workflow integration, protocols, and a time-efficient intervention for effective pharmacy-based SBI. Alternate formats of SBI using digital health technologies may be needed for effective implementation. Our findings can be used to develop patient-centered pharmacy-based SBI that can be implemented within actual pharmacy practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:50:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cc975b83a7fd4f718957b247aea16861 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1940-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:50:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Addiction Science & Clinical Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc975b83a7fd4f718957b247aea168612024-04-14T11:24:05ZengBMCAddiction Science & Clinical Practice1940-06402024-04-0119111510.1186/s13722-024-00460-yPatient and pharmacist perspectives on opioid misuse screening and brief interventions in community pharmaciesDeepika Rao0James H. Ford1Olayinka O. Shiyanbola2School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonSchool of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonSchool of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonAbstract Background Pharmacy-based screening and brief interventions (SBI) offer opportunities to identify opioid misuse and opioid safety risks and provide brief interventions that do not overly burden pharmacists. Currently, such interventions are being developed without patient input and in-depth contextual data and insufficient translation into practice. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore and compare patient and pharmacist perceptions and needs regarding a pharmacy-based opioid misuse SBI and to identify relevant SBI features and future implementation strategies. Methods Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 8 patients and 11 pharmacists, to explore needs and barriers to participating in a pharmacy-based SBI. We recruited a purposive sample of English-speaking patients prescribed opioids for chronic or acute pain and pharmacists practicing in varied pharmacies (small independent, large-chain, specialty retail) settings. We used an inductive content analysis approach to analyze patient interview data. Then through a template analysis approach involving comparison of pharmacist and patient themes, we developed strategies for SBI implementation. Results Most patient participants were white, older, described living in suburban areas, and were long-term opioid users. We identified template themes related to individual, interpersonal, intervention, and implementation factors and inferred applications for SBI design or potential SBI implementation strategies. We found that patients needed education on opioid safety and general opioid use, regardless of opioid use behaviors. Pharmacists described needing patient-centered training, protocols, and scripts to provide SBI. A short-self-reported screening and brief interventions including counseling, naloxone, and involving prescribers were discussed by both groups. Conclusions Through this implementation-focused qualitative study, we identified patient needs such as opioid safety education delivered in a private and convenient format and pharmacist needs including training, workflow integration, protocols, and a time-efficient intervention for effective pharmacy-based SBI. Alternate formats of SBI using digital health technologies may be needed for effective implementation. Our findings can be used to develop patient-centered pharmacy-based SBI that can be implemented within actual pharmacy practice.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-024-00460-yPharmacyOpioidPatient-centeredScreeningBrief interventionPrevention |
| spellingShingle | Deepika Rao James H. Ford Olayinka O. Shiyanbola Patient and pharmacist perspectives on opioid misuse screening and brief interventions in community pharmacies Addiction Science & Clinical Practice Pharmacy Opioid Patient-centered Screening Brief intervention Prevention |
| title | Patient and pharmacist perspectives on opioid misuse screening and brief interventions in community pharmacies |
| title_full | Patient and pharmacist perspectives on opioid misuse screening and brief interventions in community pharmacies |
| title_fullStr | Patient and pharmacist perspectives on opioid misuse screening and brief interventions in community pharmacies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patient and pharmacist perspectives on opioid misuse screening and brief interventions in community pharmacies |
| title_short | Patient and pharmacist perspectives on opioid misuse screening and brief interventions in community pharmacies |
| title_sort | patient and pharmacist perspectives on opioid misuse screening and brief interventions in community pharmacies |
| topic | Pharmacy Opioid Patient-centered Screening Brief intervention Prevention |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-024-00460-y |
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