In Vivo Efficacy of Purified Quillaja Saponin Extracts in Protecting against <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)
Piscirickettsiosis, the main infectious disease affecting salmon farming in Chile, still has no efficient control measures. <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> is a facultative intracellular bacterium that can survive and replicate within the host macrophages, evading the immune response. Tr...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/18/2845 |
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| author | Hernán Cortés Mario Castillo-Ruiz Hernán Cañon-Jones Trinidad Schlotterbeck Ricardo San Martín Leandro Padilla |
| author_facet | Hernán Cortés Mario Castillo-Ruiz Hernán Cañon-Jones Trinidad Schlotterbeck Ricardo San Martín Leandro Padilla |
| author_sort | Hernán Cortés |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Piscirickettsiosis, the main infectious disease affecting salmon farming in Chile, still has no efficient control measures. <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> is a facultative intracellular bacterium that can survive and replicate within the host macrophages, evading the immune response. Triterpenic saponins obtained from the <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> tree have been widely studied, and have been shown to be immunomodulatory agents, suitable for feed and vaccine applications for veterinary and human uses. The impact of the oral administration of two extracts of Quillaja saponins on the infection of <i>P. salmonis</i> in <i>Salmo salar</i> and the corresponding gene expressions of immunomarkers were studied under three in vivo models. In the intraperitoneal challenge model, the group fed with Quillaja extracts showed lower mortality (29.1% treated vs. 37.5% control). Similar results were obtained in the cohabitation model trial (36.3% vs. 60.0%). In the commercial pilot trial, the results showed a significant reduction of 71.3% in mortality caused by <i>P. salmonis</i> (0.51% vs. 1.78%) and antibiotic use (reduction of 66.6% compared to untreated control). Also, Quillaja extracts significantly modulated the expression of IFN-II and CD8. These results represent evidence supporting the future use of purified Quillaja extracts as a natural non-pharmacological strategy for the prevention and control of <i>P. salmonis</i> infections in salmon. |
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| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:07:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-cc9926c82a984f5a8c7066ba8aeb1f842023-11-19T09:14:24ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-09-011318284510.3390/ani13182845In Vivo Efficacy of Purified Quillaja Saponin Extracts in Protecting against <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)Hernán Cortés0Mario Castillo-Ruiz1Hernán Cañon-Jones2Trinidad Schlotterbeck3Ricardo San Martín4Leandro Padilla5Desert King Chile, Viña del Mar 2420505, ChileEscuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370134, ChileNúcleo de Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 7500975, ChileDesert King Chile, Viña del Mar 2420505, ChileSutardja Center for Entrepreneurship and Technology, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USADesert King Chile, Viña del Mar 2420505, ChilePiscirickettsiosis, the main infectious disease affecting salmon farming in Chile, still has no efficient control measures. <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> is a facultative intracellular bacterium that can survive and replicate within the host macrophages, evading the immune response. Triterpenic saponins obtained from the <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> tree have been widely studied, and have been shown to be immunomodulatory agents, suitable for feed and vaccine applications for veterinary and human uses. The impact of the oral administration of two extracts of Quillaja saponins on the infection of <i>P. salmonis</i> in <i>Salmo salar</i> and the corresponding gene expressions of immunomarkers were studied under three in vivo models. In the intraperitoneal challenge model, the group fed with Quillaja extracts showed lower mortality (29.1% treated vs. 37.5% control). Similar results were obtained in the cohabitation model trial (36.3% vs. 60.0%). In the commercial pilot trial, the results showed a significant reduction of 71.3% in mortality caused by <i>P. salmonis</i> (0.51% vs. 1.78%) and antibiotic use (reduction of 66.6% compared to untreated control). Also, Quillaja extracts significantly modulated the expression of IFN-II and CD8. These results represent evidence supporting the future use of purified Quillaja extracts as a natural non-pharmacological strategy for the prevention and control of <i>P. salmonis</i> infections in salmon.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/18/2845piscirickettsiosisquillaja extractsaponinssalmonidsimmunomodulation |
| spellingShingle | Hernán Cortés Mario Castillo-Ruiz Hernán Cañon-Jones Trinidad Schlotterbeck Ricardo San Martín Leandro Padilla In Vivo Efficacy of Purified Quillaja Saponin Extracts in Protecting against <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Animals piscirickettsiosis quillaja extract saponins salmonids immunomodulation |
| title | In Vivo Efficacy of Purified Quillaja Saponin Extracts in Protecting against <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_full | In Vivo Efficacy of Purified Quillaja Saponin Extracts in Protecting against <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_fullStr | In Vivo Efficacy of Purified Quillaja Saponin Extracts in Protecting against <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vivo Efficacy of Purified Quillaja Saponin Extracts in Protecting against <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_short | In Vivo Efficacy of Purified Quillaja Saponin Extracts in Protecting against <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_sort | in vivo efficacy of purified quillaja saponin extracts in protecting against i piscirickettsia salmonis i infections in atlantic salmon i salmo salar i |
| topic | piscirickettsiosis quillaja extract saponins salmonids immunomodulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/18/2845 |
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