Study of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) Development under the Heavy Metals Influence, as a Potential Promoter of Wastewater Remediation
Aquatic ecosystems polluted by heavy metals can affect microalgae growth when their concentrations overcome certain limits, depending on each involved heavy metal species. Yet, for heavy metal concentrations in the low range, microalgae exhibit metal tolerance and can accumulate a diversity of metal...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/3962 |
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| author | Mariana Diaconu Gabriela Soreanu Catalin Dumitrel Balan Ingrid Ioana Buciscanu Vasilica Maier Igor Cretescu |
| author_facet | Mariana Diaconu Gabriela Soreanu Catalin Dumitrel Balan Ingrid Ioana Buciscanu Vasilica Maier Igor Cretescu |
| author_sort | Mariana Diaconu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aquatic ecosystems polluted by heavy metals can affect microalgae growth when their concentrations overcome certain limits, depending on each involved heavy metal species. Yet, for heavy metal concentrations in the low range, microalgae exhibit metal tolerance and can accumulate a diversity of metal species from aqueous media. In particular, <i>Spirulina platensis</i> proved biosorption ability for heavy metals like Zn, Cd, Pb, or Cr, which can make it useful for the bioremediation of aquatic media polluted with heavy metals. This prokaryotic cyanobacteria from the microalgae species, which has a high protein, carbohydrate, and fats content, can interact with heavy metals through biosorption/bioaccumulation, leading to changes in the biomass yield, growth rate, and implicitly, biomass composition. This paper aims to investigate the influence of some heavy metal ions on the development and metabolic processes occurring in the cyanobacteria <i>S. platensis</i>, in order to establish its limitations in heavy metal bioremediation. In this regard, submerged cultures of <i>S. platensis</i>, involving standardized culture medium (Zarrouk), in the presence of nickel, cadmium, and lead ions in different concentrations (0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, and 1.5 mg/L, were considered. The cultivation of the microalgae was carried out for 28 days, with the determination of cell mass growth, dry biomass, protein accumulation, cell viability, and pH of the culture media, at certain time intervals (0, 3, 7, 13, 18, 24, and 28 days). Spirulina cultures were affected by the metal ions in different degrees, depending both on the type of metal ion and its concentration. The most toxic for cell growth and biomass accumulation were nickel and cadmium ions, at concentrations of 1.0 mg/L, and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Cadmium, regardless of concentration, caused a decrease in dry biomass weight throughout the microalgae cultivation period. Instead, lead exhibited the lowest effect on the viability and integrity of spirulina cells, regardless of the concentration in which it was used. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccb68c340c304e6699f205bf13e9f307 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccb68c340c304e6699f205bf13e9f3072023-11-24T15:11:27ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-11-011522396210.3390/w15223962Study of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) Development under the Heavy Metals Influence, as a Potential Promoter of Wastewater RemediationMariana Diaconu0Gabriela Soreanu1Catalin Dumitrel Balan2Ingrid Ioana Buciscanu3Vasilica Maier4Igor Cretescu5Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Textile and Leather Chemical Technology, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Textile and Leather Chemical Technology, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaAquatic ecosystems polluted by heavy metals can affect microalgae growth when their concentrations overcome certain limits, depending on each involved heavy metal species. Yet, for heavy metal concentrations in the low range, microalgae exhibit metal tolerance and can accumulate a diversity of metal species from aqueous media. In particular, <i>Spirulina platensis</i> proved biosorption ability for heavy metals like Zn, Cd, Pb, or Cr, which can make it useful for the bioremediation of aquatic media polluted with heavy metals. This prokaryotic cyanobacteria from the microalgae species, which has a high protein, carbohydrate, and fats content, can interact with heavy metals through biosorption/bioaccumulation, leading to changes in the biomass yield, growth rate, and implicitly, biomass composition. This paper aims to investigate the influence of some heavy metal ions on the development and metabolic processes occurring in the cyanobacteria <i>S. platensis</i>, in order to establish its limitations in heavy metal bioremediation. In this regard, submerged cultures of <i>S. platensis</i>, involving standardized culture medium (Zarrouk), in the presence of nickel, cadmium, and lead ions in different concentrations (0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, and 1.5 mg/L, were considered. The cultivation of the microalgae was carried out for 28 days, with the determination of cell mass growth, dry biomass, protein accumulation, cell viability, and pH of the culture media, at certain time intervals (0, 3, 7, 13, 18, 24, and 28 days). Spirulina cultures were affected by the metal ions in different degrees, depending both on the type of metal ion and its concentration. The most toxic for cell growth and biomass accumulation were nickel and cadmium ions, at concentrations of 1.0 mg/L, and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Cadmium, regardless of concentration, caused a decrease in dry biomass weight throughout the microalgae cultivation period. Instead, lead exhibited the lowest effect on the viability and integrity of spirulina cells, regardless of the concentration in which it was used.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/3962water pollutionmetal-tolerant microalgaecyanobacteriaprotein contentcell growth |
| spellingShingle | Mariana Diaconu Gabriela Soreanu Catalin Dumitrel Balan Ingrid Ioana Buciscanu Vasilica Maier Igor Cretescu Study of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) Development under the Heavy Metals Influence, as a Potential Promoter of Wastewater Remediation Water water pollution metal-tolerant microalgae cyanobacteria protein content cell growth |
| title | Study of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) Development under the Heavy Metals Influence, as a Potential Promoter of Wastewater Remediation |
| title_full | Study of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) Development under the Heavy Metals Influence, as a Potential Promoter of Wastewater Remediation |
| title_fullStr | Study of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) Development under the Heavy Metals Influence, as a Potential Promoter of Wastewater Remediation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) Development under the Heavy Metals Influence, as a Potential Promoter of Wastewater Remediation |
| title_short | Study of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) Development under the Heavy Metals Influence, as a Potential Promoter of Wastewater Remediation |
| title_sort | study of i spirulina platensis i i arthrospira i development under the heavy metals influence as a potential promoter of wastewater remediation |
| topic | water pollution metal-tolerant microalgae cyanobacteria protein content cell growth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/3962 |
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