A Green Extraction Process for Polyphenols from Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) Flowers Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment

<i>Sambucus nigra</i> flowers, known as elderberry flowers (EBF), are a plant tissue rich in polyphenolic phytochemicals with important bioactivities. However, there are few studies dealing with the production of polyphenol-containing EBF extracts. The objective of the investigation pres...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Olga Kaltsa, Achillia Lakka, Spyros Grigorakis, Ioanna Karageorgou, Georgia Batra, Eleni Bozinou, Stavros Lalas, Dimitris P. Makris
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-02-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/921
_version_ 1818536257319337984
author Olga Kaltsa
Achillia Lakka
Spyros Grigorakis
Ioanna Karageorgou
Georgia Batra
Eleni Bozinou
Stavros Lalas
Dimitris P. Makris
author_facet Olga Kaltsa
Achillia Lakka
Spyros Grigorakis
Ioanna Karageorgou
Georgia Batra
Eleni Bozinou
Stavros Lalas
Dimitris P. Makris
author_sort Olga Kaltsa
collection DOAJ
description <i>Sambucus nigra</i> flowers, known as elderberry flowers (EBF), are a plant tissue rich in polyphenolic phytochemicals with important bioactivities. However, there are few studies dealing with the production of polyphenol-containing EBF extracts. The objective of the investigation presented herein was the development of a high-performance green extraction methodology, to generate EBF extracts enriched in polyphenolic substances, using an efficient deep eutectic solvent, combined with ultrasonication pretreatment. The DES was composed of L-lactic acid (hydrogen bond donor&#8212;HBD) and glycine (hydrogen bond acceptor&#8212;HBA) and, after an initial screening to properly regulate HBD/HBA ratio, the extraction was optimized by deploying response surface methodology. Under the optimized conditions, which were DES/water (85% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), liquid-to-solid ratio 60 mL g<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, and stirring speed 200 rounds per minute, the extraction yield in total polyphenols amounted to 121.24 &#177; 8.77 mg gallic acid equivalents per g dry matter. The integration of ultrasonication prior to the batch stirred-tank extraction boosted polyphenol recovery of up to 174.73 &#177; 2.62 mg gallic acid equivalents per g dry matter. Liquid chromatography&#8722;mass spectrometry analysis showed that the richest EBF extract obtained was dominated by rutin, a di-p-coumaroylquic acid and chlorogenic acid.
first_indexed 2024-12-11T18:35:37Z
format Article
id doaj.art-ccb724172da44c8794c2da0785001473
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 1420-3049
language English
last_indexed 2024-12-11T18:35:37Z
publishDate 2020-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Molecules
spelling doaj.art-ccb724172da44c8794c2da07850014732022-12-22T00:54:47ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-02-0125492110.3390/molecules25040921molecules25040921A Green Extraction Process for Polyphenols from Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) Flowers Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted PretreatmentOlga Kaltsa0Achillia Lakka1Spyros Grigorakis2Ioanna Karageorgou3Georgia Batra4Eleni Bozinou5Stavros Lalas6Dimitris P. Makris7Department of Food Science &amp; Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Food Science &amp; Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceFood Quality &amp; Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (M.A.I.Ch.), International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), P.O. Box 85, 73100 Chania, GreeceDepartment of Food Science &amp; Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Food Science &amp; Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Food Science &amp; Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Food Science &amp; Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Food Science &amp; Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece<i>Sambucus nigra</i> flowers, known as elderberry flowers (EBF), are a plant tissue rich in polyphenolic phytochemicals with important bioactivities. However, there are few studies dealing with the production of polyphenol-containing EBF extracts. The objective of the investigation presented herein was the development of a high-performance green extraction methodology, to generate EBF extracts enriched in polyphenolic substances, using an efficient deep eutectic solvent, combined with ultrasonication pretreatment. The DES was composed of L-lactic acid (hydrogen bond donor&#8212;HBD) and glycine (hydrogen bond acceptor&#8212;HBA) and, after an initial screening to properly regulate HBD/HBA ratio, the extraction was optimized by deploying response surface methodology. Under the optimized conditions, which were DES/water (85% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), liquid-to-solid ratio 60 mL g<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, and stirring speed 200 rounds per minute, the extraction yield in total polyphenols amounted to 121.24 &#177; 8.77 mg gallic acid equivalents per g dry matter. The integration of ultrasonication prior to the batch stirred-tank extraction boosted polyphenol recovery of up to 174.73 &#177; 2.62 mg gallic acid equivalents per g dry matter. Liquid chromatography&#8722;mass spectrometry analysis showed that the richest EBF extract obtained was dominated by rutin, a di-p-coumaroylquic acid and chlorogenic acid.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/921deep eutectic solventselderberry flowersextractionpolyphenols<i>sambucus nigra</i>ultrasonication
spellingShingle Olga Kaltsa
Achillia Lakka
Spyros Grigorakis
Ioanna Karageorgou
Georgia Batra
Eleni Bozinou
Stavros Lalas
Dimitris P. Makris
A Green Extraction Process for Polyphenols from Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) Flowers Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment
Molecules
deep eutectic solvents
elderberry flowers
extraction
polyphenols
<i>sambucus nigra</i>
ultrasonication
title A Green Extraction Process for Polyphenols from Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) Flowers Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment
title_full A Green Extraction Process for Polyphenols from Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) Flowers Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment
title_fullStr A Green Extraction Process for Polyphenols from Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) Flowers Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment
title_full_unstemmed A Green Extraction Process for Polyphenols from Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) Flowers Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment
title_short A Green Extraction Process for Polyphenols from Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) Flowers Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment
title_sort green extraction process for polyphenols from elderberry i sambucus nigra i flowers using deep eutectic solvent and ultrasound assisted pretreatment
topic deep eutectic solvents
elderberry flowers
extraction
polyphenols
<i>sambucus nigra</i>
ultrasonication
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/921
work_keys_str_mv AT olgakaltsa agreenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT achillialakka agreenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT spyrosgrigorakis agreenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT ioannakarageorgou agreenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT georgiabatra agreenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT elenibozinou agreenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT stavroslalas agreenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT dimitrispmakris agreenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT olgakaltsa greenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT achillialakka greenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT spyrosgrigorakis greenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT ioannakarageorgou greenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT georgiabatra greenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT elenibozinou greenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT stavroslalas greenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment
AT dimitrispmakris greenextractionprocessforpolyphenolsfromelderberryisambucusnigraiflowersusingdeepeutecticsolventandultrasoundassistedpretreatment