The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels
Super duplex stainless steels (SDSSs), exhibiting excellent strength and corrosion resistance, serve as the attractive materials in a variety of industries. However, improvements in their ductility and impact-toughness are required in extreme environments. In this study, the effects of gadolinium on...
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MDPI AG
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/7/474 |
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| author | Byung-Moon Moon Sang-Wook Lee Moon-Jo Kim Seung-Rok Jung Young-Jig Kim Hyun-Do Jung |
| author_facet | Byung-Moon Moon Sang-Wook Lee Moon-Jo Kim Seung-Rok Jung Young-Jig Kim Hyun-Do Jung |
| author_sort | Byung-Moon Moon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Super duplex stainless steels (SDSSs), exhibiting excellent strength and corrosion resistance, serve as the attractive materials in a variety of industries. However, improvements in their ductility and impact-toughness are required in extreme environments. In this study, the effects of gadolinium on the microstructures and Charpy impact properties of super duplex stainless steels were investigated. A base super duplex stainless steel (BDSS) and a gadolinium-added super duplex stainless steel (GDSS) were successfully fabricated using an air casting method. The oxygen content and grain size of SDSSs were found to decrease because of high reactivity of gadolinium with oxygen. Moreover, the average inclusion size and area of GDSS also decreased even with a slight decrease in the average distance between inclusions. Both the BDSS and GDSS exhibited typical Charpy impact transition behavior from −196 °C to 200 °C. Moreover, the GDSS impact energies using Charpy test were higher than those of BDSS over the entire temperature range. Moreover, the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of SDSSs calculated from the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) significantly decreased by over 20 °C with the addition of gadolinium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T05:40:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccb9c893f20440e094f43f3db794bb09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T05:40:04Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccb9c893f20440e094f43f3db794bb092022-12-21T23:57:49ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012018-06-018747410.3390/met8070474met8070474The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless SteelsByung-Moon Moon0Sang-Wook Lee1Moon-Jo Kim2Seung-Rok Jung3Young-Jig Kim4Hyun-Do Jung5Liquid Processing & Casting Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaLiquid Processing & Casting Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaLiquid Processing & Casting Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaLiquid Processing & Casting Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaSchool of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, KoreaLiquid Processing & Casting Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaSuper duplex stainless steels (SDSSs), exhibiting excellent strength and corrosion resistance, serve as the attractive materials in a variety of industries. However, improvements in their ductility and impact-toughness are required in extreme environments. In this study, the effects of gadolinium on the microstructures and Charpy impact properties of super duplex stainless steels were investigated. A base super duplex stainless steel (BDSS) and a gadolinium-added super duplex stainless steel (GDSS) were successfully fabricated using an air casting method. The oxygen content and grain size of SDSSs were found to decrease because of high reactivity of gadolinium with oxygen. Moreover, the average inclusion size and area of GDSS also decreased even with a slight decrease in the average distance between inclusions. Both the BDSS and GDSS exhibited typical Charpy impact transition behavior from −196 °C to 200 °C. Moreover, the GDSS impact energies using Charpy test were higher than those of BDSS over the entire temperature range. Moreover, the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of SDSSs calculated from the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) significantly decreased by over 20 °C with the addition of gadolinium.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/7/474duplex stainless steelgadoliniumCharpy impact propertiesmicrostructureinclusionsgrain size |
| spellingShingle | Byung-Moon Moon Sang-Wook Lee Moon-Jo Kim Seung-Rok Jung Young-Jig Kim Hyun-Do Jung The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels Metals duplex stainless steel gadolinium Charpy impact properties microstructure inclusions grain size |
| title | The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels |
| title_full | The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels |
| title_short | The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels |
| title_sort | effect of gadolinium on the microstructures and charpy impact properties of super duplex stainless steels |
| topic | duplex stainless steel gadolinium Charpy impact properties microstructure inclusions grain size |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/7/474 |
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