Investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the United States, 2022: a case-control study
IntroductionThe 2022–2023 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreak in the United States (U.S.) is the largest and most costly animal health event in U.S. history. Approximately 70% of commercial farms affected during this outbreak have been turkey farms.MethodsWe conducted a case-contr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1229071/full |
| _version_ | 1797488066139521024 |
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| author | Kelly A. Patyk Victoria L. Fields Andrea L. Beam Matthew A. Branan Rachel E. McGuigan Alice Green Mia K. Torchetti Kristina Lantz Alexis Freifeld Katherine Marshall Amy H. Delgado |
| author_facet | Kelly A. Patyk Victoria L. Fields Andrea L. Beam Matthew A. Branan Rachel E. McGuigan Alice Green Mia K. Torchetti Kristina Lantz Alexis Freifeld Katherine Marshall Amy H. Delgado |
| author_sort | Kelly A. Patyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe 2022–2023 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreak in the United States (U.S.) is the largest and most costly animal health event in U.S. history. Approximately 70% of commercial farms affected during this outbreak have been turkey farms.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study to identify potential risk factors for introduction of HPAI virus onto commercial meat turkey operations. Data were collected from 66 case farms and 59 control farms in 12 states. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to compare management and biosecurity factors on case and control farms.ResultsFactors associated with increased risk of infection included being in an existing control zone, having both brooders and growers, having toms, seeing wild waterfowl or shorebirds in the closest field, and using rendering for dead bird disposal. Protective factors included having a restroom facility, including portable, available to crews that visit the farm and workers having access and using a shower at least some of the time when entering a specified barn.DiscussionStudy results provide a better understanding of risk factors for HPAI infection and can be used to inform prevention and control measures for HPAI on U.S. turkey farms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:57:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccbd1227807b4aa995a7308266bbb57c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:57:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccbd1227807b4aa995a7308266bbb57c2023-11-23T16:22:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-08-011010.3389/fvets.2023.12290711229071Investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the United States, 2022: a case-control studyKelly A. Patyk0Victoria L. Fields1Andrea L. Beam2Matthew A. Branan3Rachel E. McGuigan4Alice Green5Mia K. Torchetti6Kristina Lantz7Alexis Freifeld8Katherine Marshall9Amy H. Delgado10Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesNational Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United StatesNational Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United StatesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesIntroductionThe 2022–2023 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreak in the United States (U.S.) is the largest and most costly animal health event in U.S. history. Approximately 70% of commercial farms affected during this outbreak have been turkey farms.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study to identify potential risk factors for introduction of HPAI virus onto commercial meat turkey operations. Data were collected from 66 case farms and 59 control farms in 12 states. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to compare management and biosecurity factors on case and control farms.ResultsFactors associated with increased risk of infection included being in an existing control zone, having both brooders and growers, having toms, seeing wild waterfowl or shorebirds in the closest field, and using rendering for dead bird disposal. Protective factors included having a restroom facility, including portable, available to crews that visit the farm and workers having access and using a shower at least some of the time when entering a specified barn.DiscussionStudy results provide a better understanding of risk factors for HPAI infection and can be used to inform prevention and control measures for HPAI on U.S. turkey farms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1229071/fullavian influenzabiosecuritycase controlH5N1highly pathogenic avian influenzarisk factors |
| spellingShingle | Kelly A. Patyk Victoria L. Fields Andrea L. Beam Matthew A. Branan Rachel E. McGuigan Alice Green Mia K. Torchetti Kristina Lantz Alexis Freifeld Katherine Marshall Amy H. Delgado Investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the United States, 2022: a case-control study Frontiers in Veterinary Science avian influenza biosecurity case control H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza risk factors |
| title | Investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the United States, 2022: a case-control study |
| title_full | Investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the United States, 2022: a case-control study |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the United States, 2022: a case-control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the United States, 2022: a case-control study |
| title_short | Investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the United States, 2022: a case-control study |
| title_sort | investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the united states 2022 a case control study |
| topic | avian influenza biosecurity case control H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza risk factors |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1229071/full |
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