Numerical Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection and Entropy Production in a Porous Annulus Bounded by Wavy Cylinder and Koch Snowflake Loaded with Cu–Water Nanofluid

The current paper presents a numerical study of the magnetohydrodynamics natural convection and entropy production of Cu–water nanofluid contained in a porous annulus between a heated Koch snowflake and wavy cylinder with lower temperature with respect to the Koch snowflake. The numerical algorithm...

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Main Authors: Abed Mourad, Aissa Abderrahmane, Obai Younis, Riadh Marzouki, Anas Alazzam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-01-01
Series:Micromachines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/2/182
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author Abed Mourad
Aissa Abderrahmane
Obai Younis
Riadh Marzouki
Anas Alazzam
author_facet Abed Mourad
Aissa Abderrahmane
Obai Younis
Riadh Marzouki
Anas Alazzam
author_sort Abed Mourad
collection DOAJ
description The current paper presents a numerical study of the magnetohydrodynamics natural convection and entropy production of Cu–water nanofluid contained in a porous annulus between a heated Koch snowflake and wavy cylinder with lower temperature with respect to the Koch snowflake. The numerical algorithm is based on the Galerkin Finite Element Method. The impacts of Rayleigh number (<i>Ra</i> = 10<sup>3</sup>, 10<sup>4</sup>, 10<sup>5</sup>, and 10<sup>6</sup>), Hartman number (<i>Ha</i> = 0, 25, 50, and 100), Darcy number (<i>Da</i> = 10<sup>−2</sup>, 10<sup>−3</sup>, 10<sup>−4</sup>, and 10<sup>−5</sup>), nanoparticle volumetric fraction (<i>φ</i> = 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%), and the undulations number of the outer wavy cylinder (three cases) on the distributions of isotherms, streamlines, mean Nusselt number (<i>Nu<sub>avg</sub></i>), as well as on total entropy production and Bejan number are thoroughly examined. The computational outcomes disclose that dispersing more Cu nanoparticles in the base fluid and creating a flow with higher intensity inside the annulus by raising the Rayleigh number bring about a boosted natural convective flow in the cavity, which improves the heat transmission rate. In addition, it can be noted that owing to the peculiar form of the heated Koch snowflake, nanofluid gets trapped between the angled parts, resulting in uneven temperature profiles with higher values in these places.
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spelling doaj.art-ccbd88c3413543c8bb007d87e7b4cfae2023-11-23T21:09:54ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2022-01-0113218210.3390/mi13020182Numerical Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection and Entropy Production in a Porous Annulus Bounded by Wavy Cylinder and Koch Snowflake Loaded with Cu–Water NanofluidAbed Mourad0Aissa Abderrahmane1Obai Younis2Riadh Marzouki3Anas Alazzam4Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara 29000, AlgeriaLaboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara 29000, AlgeriaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering at Wadi Addwaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab EmiratesThe current paper presents a numerical study of the magnetohydrodynamics natural convection and entropy production of Cu–water nanofluid contained in a porous annulus between a heated Koch snowflake and wavy cylinder with lower temperature with respect to the Koch snowflake. The numerical algorithm is based on the Galerkin Finite Element Method. The impacts of Rayleigh number (<i>Ra</i> = 10<sup>3</sup>, 10<sup>4</sup>, 10<sup>5</sup>, and 10<sup>6</sup>), Hartman number (<i>Ha</i> = 0, 25, 50, and 100), Darcy number (<i>Da</i> = 10<sup>−2</sup>, 10<sup>−3</sup>, 10<sup>−4</sup>, and 10<sup>−5</sup>), nanoparticle volumetric fraction (<i>φ</i> = 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%), and the undulations number of the outer wavy cylinder (three cases) on the distributions of isotherms, streamlines, mean Nusselt number (<i>Nu<sub>avg</sub></i>), as well as on total entropy production and Bejan number are thoroughly examined. The computational outcomes disclose that dispersing more Cu nanoparticles in the base fluid and creating a flow with higher intensity inside the annulus by raising the Rayleigh number bring about a boosted natural convective flow in the cavity, which improves the heat transmission rate. In addition, it can be noted that owing to the peculiar form of the heated Koch snowflake, nanofluid gets trapped between the angled parts, resulting in uneven temperature profiles with higher values in these places.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/2/182magnetohydrodynamicnatural convectionKoch snowflakehybrid nanofluidporous media
spellingShingle Abed Mourad
Aissa Abderrahmane
Obai Younis
Riadh Marzouki
Anas Alazzam
Numerical Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection and Entropy Production in a Porous Annulus Bounded by Wavy Cylinder and Koch Snowflake Loaded with Cu–Water Nanofluid
Micromachines
magnetohydrodynamic
natural convection
Koch snowflake
hybrid nanofluid
porous media
title Numerical Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection and Entropy Production in a Porous Annulus Bounded by Wavy Cylinder and Koch Snowflake Loaded with Cu–Water Nanofluid
title_full Numerical Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection and Entropy Production in a Porous Annulus Bounded by Wavy Cylinder and Koch Snowflake Loaded with Cu–Water Nanofluid
title_fullStr Numerical Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection and Entropy Production in a Porous Annulus Bounded by Wavy Cylinder and Koch Snowflake Loaded with Cu–Water Nanofluid
title_full_unstemmed Numerical Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection and Entropy Production in a Porous Annulus Bounded by Wavy Cylinder and Koch Snowflake Loaded with Cu–Water Nanofluid
title_short Numerical Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection and Entropy Production in a Porous Annulus Bounded by Wavy Cylinder and Koch Snowflake Loaded with Cu–Water Nanofluid
title_sort numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamics natural convection and entropy production in a porous annulus bounded by wavy cylinder and koch snowflake loaded with cu water nanofluid
topic magnetohydrodynamic
natural convection
Koch snowflake
hybrid nanofluid
porous media
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/2/182
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