A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya
Background: Food safety is of increasing global concern, and a OneHealth issue requiring attention of many disciplines. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by fungi and found in foods and feeds, and exposure causes negative health effects in humans and animals. When lactating animals consume aflatoxin B1...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Infection Ecology & Epidemiology |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2018.1547094 |
| _version_ | 1818600397607010304 |
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| author | Gladys Anyango Florence Mutua Irene Kagera Pauline Andang`O Delia Grace Johanna F. Lindahl |
| author_facet | Gladys Anyango Florence Mutua Irene Kagera Pauline Andang`O Delia Grace Johanna F. Lindahl |
| author_sort | Gladys Anyango |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Food safety is of increasing global concern, and a OneHealth issue requiring attention of many disciplines. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by fungi and found in foods and feeds, and exposure causes negative health effects in humans and animals. When lactating animals consume aflatoxin B1, the metabolite (AFM1) is transferred to milk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to determine characteristics of smallholder dairy farming in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu and quantify AFM1 in milk. Data was collected from 97 randomly selected dairy farms on farming practices, milk production, and awareness about aflatoxins. Collected milk samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for AFM1. Results: Average milk produced was 13 liters per day per household and mainly used for household consumption and sold to neighbours. Farmers mainly fed cows on forage and concentrates (62.9%). Levels of AFM1 ranged from below the detection limit to 151 ppt, with a mean of 29.67 ppt; 26.4% exceeding the EU limit. Concentrate feeding was associated with higher AFM1 levels (p = 0.002); with farms feeding concentrates more likely to have levels exceeding 50 ppt (OR = 10.1). Conclusion: In conclusion, milk produced by small holder dairy farmers in Kisumu County frequently is contaminated with AFM1, implying health risks for human and animals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T12:34:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccbf0b3a220647878a67c714ed7393b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2000-8686 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T12:34:50Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infection Ecology & Epidemiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccbf0b3a220647878a67c714ed7393b02022-12-21T22:31:37ZengTaylor & Francis GroupInfection Ecology & Epidemiology2000-86862018-01-018110.1080/20008686.2018.15470941547094A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, KenyaGladys Anyango0Florence Mutua1Irene Kagera2Pauline Andang`O3Delia Grace4Johanna F. Lindahl5International Livestock Research InstituteInternational Livestock Research InstituteInternational Livestock Research InstituteMaseno UniversityInternational Livestock Research InstituteInternational Livestock Research InstituteBackground: Food safety is of increasing global concern, and a OneHealth issue requiring attention of many disciplines. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by fungi and found in foods and feeds, and exposure causes negative health effects in humans and animals. When lactating animals consume aflatoxin B1, the metabolite (AFM1) is transferred to milk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to determine characteristics of smallholder dairy farming in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu and quantify AFM1 in milk. Data was collected from 97 randomly selected dairy farms on farming practices, milk production, and awareness about aflatoxins. Collected milk samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for AFM1. Results: Average milk produced was 13 liters per day per household and mainly used for household consumption and sold to neighbours. Farmers mainly fed cows on forage and concentrates (62.9%). Levels of AFM1 ranged from below the detection limit to 151 ppt, with a mean of 29.67 ppt; 26.4% exceeding the EU limit. Concentrate feeding was associated with higher AFM1 levels (p = 0.002); with farms feeding concentrates more likely to have levels exceeding 50 ppt (OR = 10.1). Conclusion: In conclusion, milk produced by small holder dairy farmers in Kisumu County frequently is contaminated with AFM1, implying health risks for human and animals.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2018.1547094Aflatoxinsmycotoxinsfood safetyfeed safetysmall-scale dairy farmingEast Africa |
| spellingShingle | Gladys Anyango Florence Mutua Irene Kagera Pauline Andang`O Delia Grace Johanna F. Lindahl A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya Infection Ecology & Epidemiology Aflatoxins mycotoxins food safety feed safety small-scale dairy farming East Africa |
| title | A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya |
| title_full | A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya |
| title_fullStr | A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya |
| title_short | A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya |
| title_sort | survey of aflatoxin m1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri urban areas of kisumu county kenya |
| topic | Aflatoxins mycotoxins food safety feed safety small-scale dairy farming East Africa |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2018.1547094 |
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