Catalytic Reduction of Environmental Pollutants with Biopolymer Hydrogel Cross-Linked Gelatin Conjugated Tin-Doped Gadolinium Oxide Nanocomposites
In the present study, a biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel based on gelatin and tin-doped gadolinium oxide (Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH) was prepared for the efficient reduction of water pollutants. The method of Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/2/86 |
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| author | Hadi M. Marwani Shahid Ahmad Mohammed M. Rahman |
| author_facet | Hadi M. Marwani Shahid Ahmad Mohammed M. Rahman |
| author_sort | Hadi M. Marwani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, a biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel based on gelatin and tin-doped gadolinium oxide (Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH) was prepared for the efficient reduction of water pollutants. The method of Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH preparation consisted of two steps. A Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanomaterial was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and mixed with a hot aqueous solution (T > 60 °C) of gelatin polymer, followed by cross-linking. Due to the presence of abundant functional groups on the skeleton of gelatin, such as carboxylic acid (–COOH) and hydroxyl (–OH), it was easily cross-linked with formaldehyde. The structure, morphology, and composition of Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH were further characterized by the FESEM, XRD, EDX, and FTIR techniques. The FESEM images located the distribution of the Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanomaterial in a GH matrix of 30.06 nm. The XRD patterns confirmed the cubic crystalline structure of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a nanocomposite hydrogel, while EDS elucidated the elemental composition of pure Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powder and cross-linked the Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH samples. The synthesized Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH nanocomposite was used for the removal of different azo dyes and nitrophenols (NPs). It exhibited an efficient catalytic reduction of Congo red (CR) with a reaction rate of 9.15 × 10<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> with a strong NaBH<sub>4</sub>-reducing agent. Moreover, the Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH could be easily recovered by discharging the reduced (colourless) dye, and it could be reused for a fresh cycle. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:54:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccc0158a11574852adb53699ae0f07f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:54:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ccc0158a11574852adb53699ae0f07f82023-11-23T20:01:28ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612022-01-01828610.3390/gels8020086Catalytic Reduction of Environmental Pollutants with Biopolymer Hydrogel Cross-Linked Gelatin Conjugated Tin-Doped Gadolinium Oxide NanocompositesHadi M. Marwani0Shahid Ahmad1Mohammed M. Rahman2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaIn the present study, a biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel based on gelatin and tin-doped gadolinium oxide (Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH) was prepared for the efficient reduction of water pollutants. The method of Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH preparation consisted of two steps. A Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanomaterial was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and mixed with a hot aqueous solution (T > 60 °C) of gelatin polymer, followed by cross-linking. Due to the presence of abundant functional groups on the skeleton of gelatin, such as carboxylic acid (–COOH) and hydroxyl (–OH), it was easily cross-linked with formaldehyde. The structure, morphology, and composition of Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH were further characterized by the FESEM, XRD, EDX, and FTIR techniques. The FESEM images located the distribution of the Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanomaterial in a GH matrix of 30.06 nm. The XRD patterns confirmed the cubic crystalline structure of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a nanocomposite hydrogel, while EDS elucidated the elemental composition of pure Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powder and cross-linked the Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH samples. The synthesized Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH nanocomposite was used for the removal of different azo dyes and nitrophenols (NPs). It exhibited an efficient catalytic reduction of Congo red (CR) with a reaction rate of 9.15 × 10<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> with a strong NaBH<sub>4</sub>-reducing agent. Moreover, the Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH could be easily recovered by discharging the reduced (colourless) dye, and it could be reused for a fresh cycle.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/2/86gelatin hydrogelSn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GHnanocompositecatalytic reductionnitrophenolsazo dye |
| spellingShingle | Hadi M. Marwani Shahid Ahmad Mohammed M. Rahman Catalytic Reduction of Environmental Pollutants with Biopolymer Hydrogel Cross-Linked Gelatin Conjugated Tin-Doped Gadolinium Oxide Nanocomposites Gels gelatin hydrogel Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH nanocomposite catalytic reduction nitrophenols azo dye |
| title | Catalytic Reduction of Environmental Pollutants with Biopolymer Hydrogel Cross-Linked Gelatin Conjugated Tin-Doped Gadolinium Oxide Nanocomposites |
| title_full | Catalytic Reduction of Environmental Pollutants with Biopolymer Hydrogel Cross-Linked Gelatin Conjugated Tin-Doped Gadolinium Oxide Nanocomposites |
| title_fullStr | Catalytic Reduction of Environmental Pollutants with Biopolymer Hydrogel Cross-Linked Gelatin Conjugated Tin-Doped Gadolinium Oxide Nanocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalytic Reduction of Environmental Pollutants with Biopolymer Hydrogel Cross-Linked Gelatin Conjugated Tin-Doped Gadolinium Oxide Nanocomposites |
| title_short | Catalytic Reduction of Environmental Pollutants with Biopolymer Hydrogel Cross-Linked Gelatin Conjugated Tin-Doped Gadolinium Oxide Nanocomposites |
| title_sort | catalytic reduction of environmental pollutants with biopolymer hydrogel cross linked gelatin conjugated tin doped gadolinium oxide nanocomposites |
| topic | gelatin hydrogel Sn-Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@GH nanocomposite catalytic reduction nitrophenols azo dye |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/2/86 |
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