Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages
This study examined the toxicity and antimicrobial effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts from Amaranthus caudatus grown on soils formulated from parent particles of silt, sand and clay in a glasshouse. Four different soils namely; sandy clay loam, loam, clayey loam and silty clay loam from were fo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X20971578 |
| _version_ | 1818387492838047744 |
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| author | Muhali Olaide Jimoh PhD Anthony Jide Afolayan PhD Francis Bayo Lewu PhD |
| author_facet | Muhali Olaide Jimoh PhD Anthony Jide Afolayan PhD Francis Bayo Lewu PhD |
| author_sort | Muhali Olaide Jimoh PhD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study examined the toxicity and antimicrobial effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts from Amaranthus caudatus grown on soils formulated from parent particles of silt, sand and clay in a glasshouse. Four different soils namely; sandy clay loam, loam, clayey loam and silty clay loam from were formulated were used for cultivation with the unfractionated soil which was the control. Crude extracts obtained from the plant shoots harvested at different growth stages were tested on some certain gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and some fungi via agar dilution assay. The toxicity of the water and ethanol extracts was also examined via Artemia salina assay and the level of lethality was measured against Clarkson’s lethality scale. All aqueous samples, as well as ethanol extracts of flowering and pre-flowering harvests of control soil tested, were non-toxic (LC 50 > 1 mg/mL). At post flowering, the ethanolic extracts were highly toxic mostly in clayey loam, control, sandy-clayey loam soils (LC 50 < 0.5 mg/mL). Also, antifungal effects of the plant revealed that extracts inhibited the growth of Candida albicans significantly with mild effect on Candida glabrata , Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium aurantiogriseum suggesting that the plant is a promising pharmacological candidate in the treatment of candidiasis. For an optimal yield of non-toxic supplement for household consumption which may also serve as pharmacological precursors, clayey loam soil is recommended for cultivation and harvesting may occur at pre-flowering or flowering stage using ethanol and water as solvents of extraction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T04:10:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccc2021a4a164b6baf5c6b85604159fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2515-690X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T04:10:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccc2021a4a164b6baf5c6b85604159fa2022-12-21T23:17:41ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine2515-690X2020-11-012510.1177/2515690X20971578Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth StagesMuhali Olaide Jimoh PhD0Anthony Jide Afolayan PhD1Francis Bayo Lewu PhD2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa Department of Agriculture, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington Campus, Wellington, Cape Town, South AfricaThis study examined the toxicity and antimicrobial effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts from Amaranthus caudatus grown on soils formulated from parent particles of silt, sand and clay in a glasshouse. Four different soils namely; sandy clay loam, loam, clayey loam and silty clay loam from were formulated were used for cultivation with the unfractionated soil which was the control. Crude extracts obtained from the plant shoots harvested at different growth stages were tested on some certain gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and some fungi via agar dilution assay. The toxicity of the water and ethanol extracts was also examined via Artemia salina assay and the level of lethality was measured against Clarkson’s lethality scale. All aqueous samples, as well as ethanol extracts of flowering and pre-flowering harvests of control soil tested, were non-toxic (LC 50 > 1 mg/mL). At post flowering, the ethanolic extracts were highly toxic mostly in clayey loam, control, sandy-clayey loam soils (LC 50 < 0.5 mg/mL). Also, antifungal effects of the plant revealed that extracts inhibited the growth of Candida albicans significantly with mild effect on Candida glabrata , Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium aurantiogriseum suggesting that the plant is a promising pharmacological candidate in the treatment of candidiasis. For an optimal yield of non-toxic supplement for household consumption which may also serve as pharmacological precursors, clayey loam soil is recommended for cultivation and harvesting may occur at pre-flowering or flowering stage using ethanol and water as solvents of extraction.https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X20971578 |
| spellingShingle | Muhali Olaide Jimoh PhD Anthony Jide Afolayan PhD Francis Bayo Lewu PhD Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine |
| title | Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages |
| title_full | Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages |
| title_short | Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages |
| title_sort | toxicity and antimicrobial activities of l amaranthaceae harvested from formulated soils at different growth stages |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X20971578 |
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