| Summary: | The pine wood nematode (PWN), <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>, causes lethal pine wilt disease (PWD) in Asia and Europe and has become a serious threat to global pine forest ecosystems. In Korea, <em>Monochamus saltuarius</em> transmits PWN not only to <em>Pinus densiflora</em>, but also to <em>Pinus koraiensis</em>, which is widely distributed across eastern Asia. The diel rhythmicity of <em>M. saltuarius </em>in response to its aggregation pheromone was studied with the aim of providing reliable data for the prevention of PWD and control of <em>Monochamus</em> spp. Using a spray dispenser controlled with an electronic timer, <em>M. saltuarius</em> pheromone and attractants (PA) were sprayed to determine the diel rhythm of the response to PA. The spraying period was divided into four time periods: 05:00–11:00 (time period A), 11:00–17:00 (time period B), 17:00–23:00 (time period C), and 23:00–05:00 (time period D). The largest number of <em>M. saltuarius</em> was caught in time period B, followed by A, C, and D. It could be concluded that the flight activity of <i>M. saltuarius</i> in response to PA was diurnal. The results of this study improve the understanding of the behavioral biology of <i>M. saltuarius,</i> allowing for the development of pest management strategies to prevent the spread of PWN and control its vector.
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