Impact of Melatonin Deficit on Emotional Status and Oxidative Stress-Induced Changes in Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol Level in Young Adult, Mature, and Aged Rats
The pineal gland regulates the aging process via the hormone melatonin. The present report aims to evaluate the effect of pinealectomy (pin) on behavioral and oxidative stress-induced alterations in cholesterol and sphingomyelin (SM) levels in young adult, mature and aging rats. Sham and pin rats ag...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2809 |
| _version_ | 1797474878619648000 |
|---|---|
| author | Jana Tchekalarova Zlatina Nenchovska Lidia Kortenska Veselina Uzunova Irina Georgieva Rumiana Tzoneva |
| author_facet | Jana Tchekalarova Zlatina Nenchovska Lidia Kortenska Veselina Uzunova Irina Georgieva Rumiana Tzoneva |
| author_sort | Jana Tchekalarova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pineal gland regulates the aging process via the hormone melatonin. The present report aims to evaluate the effect of pinealectomy (pin) on behavioral and oxidative stress-induced alterations in cholesterol and sphingomyelin (SM) levels in young adult, mature and aging rats. Sham and pin rats aged 3, 14 and 18 months were tested in behavioral tests for motor activity, anxiety, and depression. The ELISA test explored oxidative stress parameters and SM in the hippocampus, while total cholesterol was measured in serum via a commercial autoanalyzer. Mature and aged sham rats showed low motor activity and increased anxiety compared to the youngest rats. Pinealectomy affected emotional responses, induced depressive-like behavior, and elevated cholesterol levels in the youngest rats. However, removal of the pineal gland enhanced oxidative stress by diminishing antioxidant capacity and increasing the MDA level, and decreased SM level in the hippocampus of 14-month-old rats. Our findings suggest that young adult rats are vulnerable to emotional disturbance and changes in cholesterol levels resulting from melatonin deficiency. In contrast, mature rats with pinealectomy are exposed to an oxidative stress-induced decrease in SM levels in the hippocampus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:36:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccd2a5a549f54962a48d6a2e25a5d6d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:36:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccd2a5a549f54962a48d6a2e25a5d6d02023-11-23T23:09:58ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-03-01235280910.3390/ijms23052809Impact of Melatonin Deficit on Emotional Status and Oxidative Stress-Induced Changes in Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol Level in Young Adult, Mature, and Aged RatsJana Tchekalarova0Zlatina Nenchovska1Lidia Kortenska2Veselina Uzunova3Irina Georgieva4Rumiana Tzoneva5Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 23, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 23, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 23, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 21, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 21, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 21, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaThe pineal gland regulates the aging process via the hormone melatonin. The present report aims to evaluate the effect of pinealectomy (pin) on behavioral and oxidative stress-induced alterations in cholesterol and sphingomyelin (SM) levels in young adult, mature and aging rats. Sham and pin rats aged 3, 14 and 18 months were tested in behavioral tests for motor activity, anxiety, and depression. The ELISA test explored oxidative stress parameters and SM in the hippocampus, while total cholesterol was measured in serum via a commercial autoanalyzer. Mature and aged sham rats showed low motor activity and increased anxiety compared to the youngest rats. Pinealectomy affected emotional responses, induced depressive-like behavior, and elevated cholesterol levels in the youngest rats. However, removal of the pineal gland enhanced oxidative stress by diminishing antioxidant capacity and increasing the MDA level, and decreased SM level in the hippocampus of 14-month-old rats. Our findings suggest that young adult rats are vulnerable to emotional disturbance and changes in cholesterol levels resulting from melatonin deficiency. In contrast, mature rats with pinealectomy are exposed to an oxidative stress-induced decrease in SM levels in the hippocampus.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2809agemelatonin deficitbehavioroxidative stresscholesterolsphingomyelin |
| spellingShingle | Jana Tchekalarova Zlatina Nenchovska Lidia Kortenska Veselina Uzunova Irina Georgieva Rumiana Tzoneva Impact of Melatonin Deficit on Emotional Status and Oxidative Stress-Induced Changes in Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol Level in Young Adult, Mature, and Aged Rats International Journal of Molecular Sciences age melatonin deficit behavior oxidative stress cholesterol sphingomyelin |
| title | Impact of Melatonin Deficit on Emotional Status and Oxidative Stress-Induced Changes in Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol Level in Young Adult, Mature, and Aged Rats |
| title_full | Impact of Melatonin Deficit on Emotional Status and Oxidative Stress-Induced Changes in Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol Level in Young Adult, Mature, and Aged Rats |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Melatonin Deficit on Emotional Status and Oxidative Stress-Induced Changes in Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol Level in Young Adult, Mature, and Aged Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Melatonin Deficit on Emotional Status and Oxidative Stress-Induced Changes in Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol Level in Young Adult, Mature, and Aged Rats |
| title_short | Impact of Melatonin Deficit on Emotional Status and Oxidative Stress-Induced Changes in Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol Level in Young Adult, Mature, and Aged Rats |
| title_sort | impact of melatonin deficit on emotional status and oxidative stress induced changes in sphingomyelin and cholesterol level in young adult mature and aged rats |
| topic | age melatonin deficit behavior oxidative stress cholesterol sphingomyelin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2809 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT janatchekalarova impactofmelatonindeficitonemotionalstatusandoxidativestressinducedchangesinsphingomyelinandcholesterollevelinyoungadultmatureandagedrats AT zlatinanenchovska impactofmelatonindeficitonemotionalstatusandoxidativestressinducedchangesinsphingomyelinandcholesterollevelinyoungadultmatureandagedrats AT lidiakortenska impactofmelatonindeficitonemotionalstatusandoxidativestressinducedchangesinsphingomyelinandcholesterollevelinyoungadultmatureandagedrats AT veselinauzunova impactofmelatonindeficitonemotionalstatusandoxidativestressinducedchangesinsphingomyelinandcholesterollevelinyoungadultmatureandagedrats AT irinageorgieva impactofmelatonindeficitonemotionalstatusandoxidativestressinducedchangesinsphingomyelinandcholesterollevelinyoungadultmatureandagedrats AT rumianatzoneva impactofmelatonindeficitonemotionalstatusandoxidativestressinducedchangesinsphingomyelinandcholesterollevelinyoungadultmatureandagedrats |