Development of a Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Allergenic Flavoring Agents in Cigarettes and Quantitative Risk Assessment for Consumer Safety
Flavoring agents are added to cigarettes to improve taste. There are mostly permitted food additives, but some of them are restricted for use in food, cosmetics, and toys, since they can cause allergic reactions. Previous studies have investigated the levels of flavoring agents in tobacco but none h...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/4/87 |
| _version_ | 1827694871990763520 |
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| author | Dae Yong Jang Hyung Soo Kim Eun Chul Pack Ye Ji Koo Kyung Min Lim Dal Woong Choi |
| author_facet | Dae Yong Jang Hyung Soo Kim Eun Chul Pack Ye Ji Koo Kyung Min Lim Dal Woong Choi |
| author_sort | Dae Yong Jang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flavoring agents are added to cigarettes to improve taste. There are mostly permitted food additives, but some of them are restricted for use in food, cosmetics, and toys, since they can cause allergic reactions. Previous studies have investigated the levels of flavoring agents in tobacco but none has focused on their content in filter tips and capsules. Moreover, no studies have assessed the risk of adding allergenic flavoring agents in cigarettes. Here, we developed and validated a simultaneous analysis method for 25 allergenic flavoring agents and menthol with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to determine levels of flavoring agents in the tobacco, filter tips, and capsules of 54 commercial cigarettes in Korea. All cigarettes contained at least one allergenic flavoring agent regardless of the inclusion of flavoring capsules. Importantly, the filter tips and the capsules contained higher levels of flavoring agents than tobacco, highlighting the importance of the quantification of flavoring agents in these parts of cigarettes. Nevertheless, the risk assessment based on their levels in cigarettes suggested that their exposure was maintained at a safe level. However, the risk assessed from maximum menthol, linalool, and cinnamaldehyde exceeded one-tenth of derived no-effect levels, suggesting the need for further studies on their risk to human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:13:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccd8c701c2124ef8be3788191b150929 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:13:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccd8c701c2124ef8be3788191b1509292023-11-21T16:03:40ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-04-01948710.3390/toxics9040087Development of a Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Allergenic Flavoring Agents in Cigarettes and Quantitative Risk Assessment for Consumer SafetyDae Yong Jang0Hyung Soo Kim1Eun Chul Pack2Ye Ji Koo3Kyung Min Lim4Dal Woong Choi5Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03670, KoreaDepartment of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaFlavoring agents are added to cigarettes to improve taste. There are mostly permitted food additives, but some of them are restricted for use in food, cosmetics, and toys, since they can cause allergic reactions. Previous studies have investigated the levels of flavoring agents in tobacco but none has focused on their content in filter tips and capsules. Moreover, no studies have assessed the risk of adding allergenic flavoring agents in cigarettes. Here, we developed and validated a simultaneous analysis method for 25 allergenic flavoring agents and menthol with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to determine levels of flavoring agents in the tobacco, filter tips, and capsules of 54 commercial cigarettes in Korea. All cigarettes contained at least one allergenic flavoring agent regardless of the inclusion of flavoring capsules. Importantly, the filter tips and the capsules contained higher levels of flavoring agents than tobacco, highlighting the importance of the quantification of flavoring agents in these parts of cigarettes. Nevertheless, the risk assessment based on their levels in cigarettes suggested that their exposure was maintained at a safe level. However, the risk assessed from maximum menthol, linalool, and cinnamaldehyde exceeded one-tenth of derived no-effect levels, suggesting the need for further studies on their risk to human health.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/4/87capsule cigaretteallergenic flavoring agentgas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryinhalation exposurerisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Dae Yong Jang Hyung Soo Kim Eun Chul Pack Ye Ji Koo Kyung Min Lim Dal Woong Choi Development of a Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Allergenic Flavoring Agents in Cigarettes and Quantitative Risk Assessment for Consumer Safety Toxics capsule cigarette allergenic flavoring agent gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry inhalation exposure risk assessment |
| title | Development of a Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Allergenic Flavoring Agents in Cigarettes and Quantitative Risk Assessment for Consumer Safety |
| title_full | Development of a Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Allergenic Flavoring Agents in Cigarettes and Quantitative Risk Assessment for Consumer Safety |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Allergenic Flavoring Agents in Cigarettes and Quantitative Risk Assessment for Consumer Safety |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Allergenic Flavoring Agents in Cigarettes and Quantitative Risk Assessment for Consumer Safety |
| title_short | Development of a Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Allergenic Flavoring Agents in Cigarettes and Quantitative Risk Assessment for Consumer Safety |
| title_sort | development of a method for simultaneous analysis of allergenic flavoring agents in cigarettes and quantitative risk assessment for consumer safety |
| topic | capsule cigarette allergenic flavoring agent gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry inhalation exposure risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/4/87 |
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