Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed Wetlands
There is a growing body of knowledge on the persistence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in greywater and greywater treatment systems such as constructed wetlands (CWs). Our research quantified ARGs (<i>sul1</i>, <i>qnrS</i>, and &l...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/5/758 |
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| author | Michelle Henderson Sarina J. Ergas Kebreab Ghebremichael Amit Gross Zeev Ronen |
| author_facet | Michelle Henderson Sarina J. Ergas Kebreab Ghebremichael Amit Gross Zeev Ronen |
| author_sort | Michelle Henderson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is a growing body of knowledge on the persistence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in greywater and greywater treatment systems such as constructed wetlands (CWs). Our research quantified ARGs (<i>sul1</i>, <i>qnrS</i>, and <i>bla</i><sub>CTXM32</sub>), class one integron (<i>intI1</i>), and bacterial marker (16S) in four recirculating vertical flow CWs in a small community in the Negev desert, Israel, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The greywater microbial community was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results show that CWs can reduce ARG in greywater by 1–3 log, depending on the gene and the quality of the raw greywater. Community sequencing results showed that the bacterial community composition was not significantly altered after treatment and that Proteobacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla before and after treatment. Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Aeromonas were the most commonly identified genera of the extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) colonies. Some of the ESBL bacteria identified have been linked to clinical infections (<i>Acinetobacter nosocomialis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas fulva</i>, <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>, <i>Pseudomonas monteilii</i>, and <i>Roseomonas cervicalis</i>). It is important to monitor <i>intI1</i> for the potential transfer of ARGs to pathogenic bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:14:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccd9e40b2def4b3d9cce786410a869fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:14:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccd9e40b2def4b3d9cce786410a869fe2023-11-24T00:02:43ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-02-0114575810.3390/w14050758Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed WetlandsMichelle Henderson0Sarina J. Ergas1Kebreab Ghebremichael2Amit Gross3Zeev Ronen4Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USADepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USAPatel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USAZuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, IsraelZuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, IsraelThere is a growing body of knowledge on the persistence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in greywater and greywater treatment systems such as constructed wetlands (CWs). Our research quantified ARGs (<i>sul1</i>, <i>qnrS</i>, and <i>bla</i><sub>CTXM32</sub>), class one integron (<i>intI1</i>), and bacterial marker (16S) in four recirculating vertical flow CWs in a small community in the Negev desert, Israel, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The greywater microbial community was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results show that CWs can reduce ARG in greywater by 1–3 log, depending on the gene and the quality of the raw greywater. Community sequencing results showed that the bacterial community composition was not significantly altered after treatment and that Proteobacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla before and after treatment. Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Aeromonas were the most commonly identified genera of the extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) colonies. Some of the ESBL bacteria identified have been linked to clinical infections (<i>Acinetobacter nosocomialis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas fulva</i>, <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>, <i>Pseudomonas monteilii</i>, and <i>Roseomonas cervicalis</i>). It is important to monitor <i>intI1</i> for the potential transfer of ARGs to pathogenic bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/5/758antibiotic resistancegreywaterconstructed wetlandsgreywater treatment systemsextended spectrum beta lactamase |
| spellingShingle | Michelle Henderson Sarina J. Ergas Kebreab Ghebremichael Amit Gross Zeev Ronen Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed Wetlands Water antibiotic resistance greywater constructed wetlands greywater treatment systems extended spectrum beta lactamase |
| title | Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed Wetlands |
| title_full | Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed Wetlands |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed Wetlands |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed Wetlands |
| title_short | Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed Wetlands |
| title_sort | occurrence of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria in household greywater treated in constructed wetlands |
| topic | antibiotic resistance greywater constructed wetlands greywater treatment systems extended spectrum beta lactamase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/5/758 |
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