Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Primary Human Melanocytes from Dark and Light Skin
Fluoride exposure has adverse effects on human health that have been studied in vitro in cell culture systems. Melanocytes are the melanin pigment-producing cells that have a significant role in the regulation of the process of melanogenesis, which provides several health benefits. Melanocytes are p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/8/4/114 |
| _version_ | 1797545983152750592 |
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| author | Shilpi Goenka Sanford R. Simon |
| author_facet | Shilpi Goenka Sanford R. Simon |
| author_sort | Shilpi Goenka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluoride exposure has adverse effects on human health that have been studied in vitro in cell culture systems. Melanocytes are the melanin pigment-producing cells that have a significant role in the regulation of the process of melanogenesis, which provides several health benefits. Melanocytes are present in the oral cavity, skin, brain, lungs, hair, and eyes. However, to date, there has been no study on the effects of fluoride exposure on melanocytes. Hence, in the current study, we have studied the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure on neonatal human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn) derived from two different skin phototypes, lightly pigmented (LP) and darkly pigmented (DP). We have assessed the impact of a 24 h and 72 h NaF exposure on metabolic activity and membrane integrity of these cells. In addition, we have evaluated whether NaF exposure might have any impact on the physiological functions of melanocytes associated with the production of melanin, which is regulated by activity of the enzyme tyrosinase. We have also assessed if NaF exposure might induce any oxidative stress in LP and DP melanocytes, by evaluation of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels. Our results showed that HEMn-LP cells showed a higher sensitivity to NaF cytotoxicity than HEMn-DP cells, with significant cytotoxicity at concentrations >1 mM, while concentration range 0.25–1 mM were nontoxic and did not lead to oxidative stress, and also did not alter the levels of intracellular melanin or cellular tyrosinase activity, indicating that treatment up to 1 mM NaF is generally safe to melanocytes from both pigmentation phototypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:22:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccdb188511a64cb189f789f021e68082 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:22:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccdb188511a64cb189f789f021e680822023-11-20T23:15:18ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042020-12-018411410.3390/toxics8040114Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Primary Human Melanocytes from Dark and Light SkinShilpi Goenka0Sanford R. Simon1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USAFluoride exposure has adverse effects on human health that have been studied in vitro in cell culture systems. Melanocytes are the melanin pigment-producing cells that have a significant role in the regulation of the process of melanogenesis, which provides several health benefits. Melanocytes are present in the oral cavity, skin, brain, lungs, hair, and eyes. However, to date, there has been no study on the effects of fluoride exposure on melanocytes. Hence, in the current study, we have studied the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure on neonatal human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn) derived from two different skin phototypes, lightly pigmented (LP) and darkly pigmented (DP). We have assessed the impact of a 24 h and 72 h NaF exposure on metabolic activity and membrane integrity of these cells. In addition, we have evaluated whether NaF exposure might have any impact on the physiological functions of melanocytes associated with the production of melanin, which is regulated by activity of the enzyme tyrosinase. We have also assessed if NaF exposure might induce any oxidative stress in LP and DP melanocytes, by evaluation of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels. Our results showed that HEMn-LP cells showed a higher sensitivity to NaF cytotoxicity than HEMn-DP cells, with significant cytotoxicity at concentrations >1 mM, while concentration range 0.25–1 mM were nontoxic and did not lead to oxidative stress, and also did not alter the levels of intracellular melanin or cellular tyrosinase activity, indicating that treatment up to 1 mM NaF is generally safe to melanocytes from both pigmentation phototypes.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/8/4/114sodium fluorideneonatal human melanocyteslightly pigmenteddarkly pigmentedcytotoxicitymelanin |
| spellingShingle | Shilpi Goenka Sanford R. Simon Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Primary Human Melanocytes from Dark and Light Skin Toxics sodium fluoride neonatal human melanocytes lightly pigmented darkly pigmented cytotoxicity melanin |
| title | Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Primary Human Melanocytes from Dark and Light Skin |
| title_full | Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Primary Human Melanocytes from Dark and Light Skin |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Primary Human Melanocytes from Dark and Light Skin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Primary Human Melanocytes from Dark and Light Skin |
| title_short | Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Primary Human Melanocytes from Dark and Light Skin |
| title_sort | effects of fluoride exposure on primary human melanocytes from dark and light skin |
| topic | sodium fluoride neonatal human melanocytes lightly pigmented darkly pigmented cytotoxicity melanin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/8/4/114 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shilpigoenka effectsoffluorideexposureonprimaryhumanmelanocytesfromdarkandlightskin AT sanfordrsimon effectsoffluorideexposureonprimaryhumanmelanocytesfromdarkandlightskin |