<i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine Invertebrates
The seaweed <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> exhibits a strong invasive behavior, producing halogenated compounds with effective biological effects. This study addresses the biochemical responses to sublethal concentrations of <i>A. armata</i> exudate on the marine snail <i>G...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-03-01
|
| Series: | Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/3/223 |
| _version_ | 1797541424871243776 |
|---|---|
| author | Carla O. Silva Tiago Simões Rafael Félix Amadeu M.V.M. Soares Carlos Barata Sara C. Novais Marco F.L. Lemos |
| author_facet | Carla O. Silva Tiago Simões Rafael Félix Amadeu M.V.M. Soares Carlos Barata Sara C. Novais Marco F.L. Lemos |
| author_sort | Carla O. Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The seaweed <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> exhibits a strong invasive behavior, producing halogenated compounds with effective biological effects. This study addresses the biochemical responses to sublethal concentrations of <i>A. armata</i> exudate on the marine snail <i>Gibbula umbilicalis</i> whole body and the shrimp <i>Palaemon elegans</i> eyes and hepatopancreas. Antioxidant defenses superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), oxidative damage endpoints lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage, the neuronal parameter acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the fatty acid profile were evaluated. Results revealed different metabolic responses in both species. Despite previous studies indicating that the exudate affected <i>G. umbilicalis’</i> survival and behavior, this does not seem to result from oxidative stress or neurotoxicity. For <i>P. elegans</i>, the inhibition of AChE and the decrease of antioxidant capacity is concomitant with the increase of LPO, suggesting neurotoxicity and oxidative stress as contributor mechanisms of toxicity for this species. Fatty acid profile changes were more pronounced for <i>P. elegans</i> with a general increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with the exudate exposure, which commonly means a defense mechanism protecting from membrane disruption. Nonetheless, the omega-3 PUFAs arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) increased in both invertebrates, indicating a common regulation mechanism of inflammation and immunity responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:14:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ccf5e39734504378aea276969e94682c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:14:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ccf5e39734504378aea276969e94682c2023-11-21T10:28:41ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-03-0110322310.3390/biology10030223<i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine InvertebratesCarla O. Silva0Tiago Simões1Rafael Félix2Amadeu M.V.M. Soares3Carlos Barata4Sara C. Novais5Marco F.L. Lemos6MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, PortugalMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, PortugalMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, PortugalDepartment of Biology and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalEnvironmental Chemistry Department, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, SpainMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, PortugalMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, PortugalThe seaweed <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> exhibits a strong invasive behavior, producing halogenated compounds with effective biological effects. This study addresses the biochemical responses to sublethal concentrations of <i>A. armata</i> exudate on the marine snail <i>Gibbula umbilicalis</i> whole body and the shrimp <i>Palaemon elegans</i> eyes and hepatopancreas. Antioxidant defenses superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), oxidative damage endpoints lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage, the neuronal parameter acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the fatty acid profile were evaluated. Results revealed different metabolic responses in both species. Despite previous studies indicating that the exudate affected <i>G. umbilicalis’</i> survival and behavior, this does not seem to result from oxidative stress or neurotoxicity. For <i>P. elegans</i>, the inhibition of AChE and the decrease of antioxidant capacity is concomitant with the increase of LPO, suggesting neurotoxicity and oxidative stress as contributor mechanisms of toxicity for this species. Fatty acid profile changes were more pronounced for <i>P. elegans</i> with a general increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with the exudate exposure, which commonly means a defense mechanism protecting from membrane disruption. Nonetheless, the omega-3 PUFAs arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) increased in both invertebrates, indicating a common regulation mechanism of inflammation and immunity responses.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/3/223biomarkersfatty acid profilehalogenated compoundsoxidative stressred macroalgaesecondary metabolites |
| spellingShingle | Carla O. Silva Tiago Simões Rafael Félix Amadeu M.V.M. Soares Carlos Barata Sara C. Novais Marco F.L. Lemos <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine Invertebrates Biology biomarkers fatty acid profile halogenated compounds oxidative stress red macroalgae secondary metabolites |
| title | <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine Invertebrates |
| title_full | <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine Invertebrates |
| title_fullStr | <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine Invertebrates |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine Invertebrates |
| title_short | <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine Invertebrates |
| title_sort | i asparagopsis armata i exudate cocktail the quest for the mechanisms of toxic action of an invasive seaweed on marine invertebrates |
| topic | biomarkers fatty acid profile halogenated compounds oxidative stress red macroalgae secondary metabolites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/3/223 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carlaosilva iasparagopsisarmataiexudatecocktailthequestforthemechanismsoftoxicactionofaninvasiveseaweedonmarineinvertebrates AT tiagosimoes iasparagopsisarmataiexudatecocktailthequestforthemechanismsoftoxicactionofaninvasiveseaweedonmarineinvertebrates AT rafaelfelix iasparagopsisarmataiexudatecocktailthequestforthemechanismsoftoxicactionofaninvasiveseaweedonmarineinvertebrates AT amadeumvmsoares iasparagopsisarmataiexudatecocktailthequestforthemechanismsoftoxicactionofaninvasiveseaweedonmarineinvertebrates AT carlosbarata iasparagopsisarmataiexudatecocktailthequestforthemechanismsoftoxicactionofaninvasiveseaweedonmarineinvertebrates AT saracnovais iasparagopsisarmataiexudatecocktailthequestforthemechanismsoftoxicactionofaninvasiveseaweedonmarineinvertebrates AT marcofllemos iasparagopsisarmataiexudatecocktailthequestforthemechanismsoftoxicactionofaninvasiveseaweedonmarineinvertebrates |