| Summary: | In the present article, diverse definitions, theoretical background, and contemporary research findings from the emotion regulation (ER) field are brought together alongside its open dilemmas. A clearer categorization of emotion and ER perspectives is offered: neurobiological perspective in which ER is a set of neurobiological processes that influence the emotion experience and expression; socio-constructivist perspective in which ER is influenced by socio-cultural expectations; and cognitive perspective that places ER at any situation-attention-appraisal-response sequence. Further, two contemporary models of ER are described and evaluated, followed by a presentation of the research findings regarding certain ER strategies, especially reappraisal and suppression. ER strategies are presented regarding their associations with other psycho-social characteristics. Also, efficiency of ER strategies is discussed further, proposing four criteria that should be considered simultaneously: functionality (goal orientation), adaptability (including social acceptance), automatization, and flexibility. In conclusion, some directions for the future ER research are outlined.
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