| Summary: | Both <i>Chamaecyparis formosensis</i> and <i>C. obtusa</i> var. <i>formosana</i> are representative cypresses of high economic value in Taiwan, the southernmost subtropical region where cypresses are found. Both species show differences of their habitats. To find out the effects of environmental factors on the CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate and the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission of both species, saplings from both species were grown under different light intensity and temperature regimes. The results indicated that the net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rates and total BVOC emission rates of both species increased with increasing light intensity. <i>C. formosensis</i> showed a higher magnitude of change, but <i>C. obtusa</i> var. <i>formosana</i> had considerably increased sesquiterpenoid and diterpenoid emission in BVOC under high light intensity. Both species grown under higher temperatures had significantly lower BVOC emission rates. Proteomic analyses revealed that compared to <i>C. formosensis</i> saplings, <i>C. obtusa</i> var. <i>formosana</i> saplings had less differentially expressed proteins in terms of protein species and fold changes in response to the growth conditions. These proteins participated mainly in photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, amino acid and protein processing, signal transduction, and stress mechanisms. These proteins might be the major regulatory factors affecting BVOC emission of these two species under different environments.
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