Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside on Fifth Post Ischemic Stroke Day in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model
Introduction: Ischemic stroke at later stages (>4.5 hour) have very few treatment options left. In those cases Nitric Oxide (NO) may provide promising results. NO is active in signaling pathways. Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor was tested earlier in rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2017-08-01
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Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/10504/28085_CE[Ra]_F(Sh)_PF1_(MJ_PY)_PFA(NE_GG)_PF2(NE_MJ_GG)_PFA2(NE_GG).pdf |
Summary: | Introduction: Ischemic stroke at later stages (>4.5 hour) have
very few treatment options left. In those cases Nitric Oxide
(NO) may provide promising results. NO is active in signaling
pathways. Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor was tested
earlier in rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) model
in early stages (5-60 minutes) and found useful but in delayed
stroke cases (60-120 minutes) found useless. This was due
to local inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Enzyme (iNOS) and
superoxide (causes destructive effect) formation which was
skipped.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside
(ICSNP) in MCAO rat model of ischemic stroke (I/R model) fifth
post ischemic stroke day.
Materials and Methods: A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats,
weighing 250 gm to 280 gm, at CDRI-Lucknow, India were
used. Rats were divided in three groups. Group A (n=4) were
taken as sham with standard procedure but without any
injection on fifth day, Group B (n=8) as control with injection of
saline on fifth day and Group C (n=12) received SNP at dose
of 3 mcg/kg/minute given directly in internal carotid artery via
External Carotid Artery (ECA) with a modified intraluminal stump
technique as Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) in ipsilateral MCAO at
intracarotid artery region as a single dose therapy on fifth day
and then wound was closed. Waited for full recovery for two
hours, then neurobehavioural assessment scores were noted.
Thereafter, the brains were quickly removed and sliced at 2 mm
intervals. Animals showing no sign of neurological deficit, were
excluded from the study. Tested animals were compared with
control animals for neurological deficit, percentage of infarction
by 2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining, nNOS
expression and scores were summed up. The statistical analysis
was done by Newman–Keuls test, Graph Pad prism (version.5.0)
and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: ICSNP group (Group C) showed a good reduction
in the cerebral infarction of 53.42% as compared to control
(Group B). Group A mean change in Newman–Keuls test and
Graph Pad prism (version.5.0) was showing increase of 1.44
points/6.55%, compared to Group B decrease of 0.7 points. A
60% decrease in ischemic zone noted in Group A.
Conclusion: The use of single dose ICSNP is beneficial (53.42%)
in fifth post stroke day. |
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ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |