Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside on Fifth Post Ischemic Stroke Day in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model
Introduction: Ischemic stroke at later stages (>4.5 hour) have very few treatment options left. In those cases Nitric Oxide (NO) may provide promising results. NO is active in signaling pathways. Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor was tested earlier in rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2017-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/10504/28085_CE[Ra]_F(Sh)_PF1_(MJ_PY)_PFA(NE_GG)_PF2(NE_MJ_GG)_PFA2(NE_GG).pdf |
| _version_ | 1811214691782885376 |
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| author | Vinod Kumar Tewari Vivek Bhosale Rakesh Shukla Hari Kishan Das Gupta Sheeba |
| author_facet | Vinod Kumar Tewari Vivek Bhosale Rakesh Shukla Hari Kishan Das Gupta Sheeba |
| author_sort | Vinod Kumar Tewari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Ischemic stroke at later stages (>4.5 hour) have
very few treatment options left. In those cases Nitric Oxide
(NO) may provide promising results. NO is active in signaling
pathways. Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor was tested
earlier in rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) model
in early stages (5-60 minutes) and found useful but in delayed
stroke cases (60-120 minutes) found useless. This was due
to local inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Enzyme (iNOS) and
superoxide (causes destructive effect) formation which was
skipped.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside
(ICSNP) in MCAO rat model of ischemic stroke (I/R model) fifth
post ischemic stroke day.
Materials and Methods: A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats,
weighing 250 gm to 280 gm, at CDRI-Lucknow, India were
used. Rats were divided in three groups. Group A (n=4) were
taken as sham with standard procedure but without any
injection on fifth day, Group B (n=8) as control with injection of
saline on fifth day and Group C (n=12) received SNP at dose
of 3 mcg/kg/minute given directly in internal carotid artery via
External Carotid Artery (ECA) with a modified intraluminal stump
technique as Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) in ipsilateral MCAO at
intracarotid artery region as a single dose therapy on fifth day
and then wound was closed. Waited for full recovery for two
hours, then neurobehavioural assessment scores were noted.
Thereafter, the brains were quickly removed and sliced at 2 mm
intervals. Animals showing no sign of neurological deficit, were
excluded from the study. Tested animals were compared with
control animals for neurological deficit, percentage of infarction
by 2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining, nNOS
expression and scores were summed up. The statistical analysis
was done by Newman–Keuls test, Graph Pad prism (version.5.0)
and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: ICSNP group (Group C) showed a good reduction
in the cerebral infarction of 53.42% as compared to control
(Group B). Group A mean change in Newman–Keuls test and
Graph Pad prism (version.5.0) was showing increase of 1.44
points/6.55%, compared to Group B decrease of 0.7 points. A
60% decrease in ischemic zone noted in Group A.
Conclusion: The use of single dose ICSNP is beneficial (53.42%)
in fifth post stroke day. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:08:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd029bce756d4a76afeeee6b70e1464a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:08:46Z |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd029bce756d4a76afeeee6b70e1464a2022-12-22T03:44:46ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2017-08-01118AF01AF0410.7860/JCDR/2017/28085.10504Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside on Fifth Post Ischemic Stroke Day in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat ModelVinod Kumar Tewari0Vivek Bhosale1Rakesh Shukla2Hari Kishan Das Gupta3Sheeba4Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery, Advance Neuro and General Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.Scientist, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sir-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.Chief Scientist and Head, Department of Pharmacology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.Mch Urologist Head, Department of Surgery, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India.Senior Technical Officer, Department of Pharmacology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.Introduction: Ischemic stroke at later stages (>4.5 hour) have very few treatment options left. In those cases Nitric Oxide (NO) may provide promising results. NO is active in signaling pathways. Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor was tested earlier in rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) model in early stages (5-60 minutes) and found useful but in delayed stroke cases (60-120 minutes) found useless. This was due to local inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Enzyme (iNOS) and superoxide (causes destructive effect) formation which was skipped. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside (ICSNP) in MCAO rat model of ischemic stroke (I/R model) fifth post ischemic stroke day. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250 gm to 280 gm, at CDRI-Lucknow, India were used. Rats were divided in three groups. Group A (n=4) were taken as sham with standard procedure but without any injection on fifth day, Group B (n=8) as control with injection of saline on fifth day and Group C (n=12) received SNP at dose of 3 mcg/kg/minute given directly in internal carotid artery via External Carotid Artery (ECA) with a modified intraluminal stump technique as Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) in ipsilateral MCAO at intracarotid artery region as a single dose therapy on fifth day and then wound was closed. Waited for full recovery for two hours, then neurobehavioural assessment scores were noted. Thereafter, the brains were quickly removed and sliced at 2 mm intervals. Animals showing no sign of neurological deficit, were excluded from the study. Tested animals were compared with control animals for neurological deficit, percentage of infarction by 2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining, nNOS expression and scores were summed up. The statistical analysis was done by Newman–Keuls test, Graph Pad prism (version.5.0) and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: ICSNP group (Group C) showed a good reduction in the cerebral infarction of 53.42% as compared to control (Group B). Group A mean change in Newman–Keuls test and Graph Pad prism (version.5.0) was showing increase of 1.44 points/6.55%, compared to Group B decrease of 0.7 points. A 60% decrease in ischemic zone noted in Group A. Conclusion: The use of single dose ICSNP is beneficial (53.42%) in fifth post stroke day.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/10504/28085_CE[Ra]_F(Sh)_PF1_(MJ_PY)_PFA(NE_GG)_PF2(NE_MJ_GG)_PFA2(NE_GG).pdfischemic lesionsnitric oxide donortraumatic brain injury |
| spellingShingle | Vinod Kumar Tewari Vivek Bhosale Rakesh Shukla Hari Kishan Das Gupta Sheeba Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside on Fifth Post Ischemic Stroke Day in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research ischemic lesions nitric oxide donor traumatic brain injury |
| title | Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside on Fifth Post Ischemic Stroke Day in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model |
| title_full | Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside on Fifth Post Ischemic Stroke Day in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside on Fifth Post Ischemic Stroke Day in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside on Fifth Post Ischemic Stroke Day in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model |
| title_short | Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside on Fifth Post Ischemic Stroke Day in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model |
| title_sort | intracarotid sodium nitroprusside on fifth post ischemic stroke day in middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model |
| topic | ischemic lesions nitric oxide donor traumatic brain injury |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/10504/28085_CE[Ra]_F(Sh)_PF1_(MJ_PY)_PFA(NE_GG)_PF2(NE_MJ_GG)_PFA2(NE_GG).pdf |
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