Temperature Dependence of Hard Carbon Performance in Sodium Half-Cells with 1 M NaClO<sub>4</sub> in EC/DEC Electrolyte
In recent years, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted much attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Hard carbon (HC) is a well-studied anode material for SIBs; however, the performance as a function of temperature is less established. To investigate temperature dependence of the p...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Batteries |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/8/9/108 |
| _version_ | 1797491231841845248 |
|---|---|
| author | Bowen Liu Andrew L. Hector Weronika O. Razmus Richard G. A. Wills |
| author_facet | Bowen Liu Andrew L. Hector Weronika O. Razmus Richard G. A. Wills |
| author_sort | Bowen Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted much attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Hard carbon (HC) is a well-studied anode material for SIBs; however, the performance as a function of temperature is less established. To investigate temperature dependence of the performance of HC, sodium half-cells with a common NaClO<sub>4</sub>-based electrolyte were tested at temperatures from 10 to 80 °C. Capacity after 20 cycles at 100 mA g<sup>−1</sup> current varied from 90 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 °C to 270 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 60 °C. Increased temperature significantly improves the HC rate capability, with 120 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> capacity found at 60 °C with 500 mA g<sup>−1</sup> current. Stability was high at moderate temperature with 220 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> capacity remaining after 200 cycles at 40 °C with a current of 100 mA g<sup>−1</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:44:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd1607404be04c8fb117729e4b89fc70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:44:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd1607404be04c8fb117729e4b89fc702023-11-23T15:03:03ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052022-09-018910810.3390/batteries8090108Temperature Dependence of Hard Carbon Performance in Sodium Half-Cells with 1 M NaClO<sub>4</sub> in EC/DEC ElectrolyteBowen Liu0Andrew L. Hector1Weronika O. Razmus2Richard G. A. Wills3School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKSchool of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKSchool of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKIn recent years, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted much attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Hard carbon (HC) is a well-studied anode material for SIBs; however, the performance as a function of temperature is less established. To investigate temperature dependence of the performance of HC, sodium half-cells with a common NaClO<sub>4</sub>-based electrolyte were tested at temperatures from 10 to 80 °C. Capacity after 20 cycles at 100 mA g<sup>−1</sup> current varied from 90 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 °C to 270 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 60 °C. Increased temperature significantly improves the HC rate capability, with 120 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> capacity found at 60 °C with 500 mA g<sup>−1</sup> current. Stability was high at moderate temperature with 220 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> capacity remaining after 200 cycles at 40 °C with a current of 100 mA g<sup>−1</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/8/9/108Na-ion batteryanodehard carbonthermal dependenceimpedance |
| spellingShingle | Bowen Liu Andrew L. Hector Weronika O. Razmus Richard G. A. Wills Temperature Dependence of Hard Carbon Performance in Sodium Half-Cells with 1 M NaClO<sub>4</sub> in EC/DEC Electrolyte Batteries Na-ion battery anode hard carbon thermal dependence impedance |
| title | Temperature Dependence of Hard Carbon Performance in Sodium Half-Cells with 1 M NaClO<sub>4</sub> in EC/DEC Electrolyte |
| title_full | Temperature Dependence of Hard Carbon Performance in Sodium Half-Cells with 1 M NaClO<sub>4</sub> in EC/DEC Electrolyte |
| title_fullStr | Temperature Dependence of Hard Carbon Performance in Sodium Half-Cells with 1 M NaClO<sub>4</sub> in EC/DEC Electrolyte |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temperature Dependence of Hard Carbon Performance in Sodium Half-Cells with 1 M NaClO<sub>4</sub> in EC/DEC Electrolyte |
| title_short | Temperature Dependence of Hard Carbon Performance in Sodium Half-Cells with 1 M NaClO<sub>4</sub> in EC/DEC Electrolyte |
| title_sort | temperature dependence of hard carbon performance in sodium half cells with 1 m naclo sub 4 sub in ec dec electrolyte |
| topic | Na-ion battery anode hard carbon thermal dependence impedance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/8/9/108 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bowenliu temperaturedependenceofhardcarbonperformanceinsodiumhalfcellswith1mnaclosub4subinecdecelectrolyte AT andrewlhector temperaturedependenceofhardcarbonperformanceinsodiumhalfcellswith1mnaclosub4subinecdecelectrolyte AT weronikaorazmus temperaturedependenceofhardcarbonperformanceinsodiumhalfcellswith1mnaclosub4subinecdecelectrolyte AT richardgawills temperaturedependenceofhardcarbonperformanceinsodiumhalfcellswith1mnaclosub4subinecdecelectrolyte |