Genome‐environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)
Abstract Local adaptations to the environment are an important aspect of the diversity of a species and their discovery, description and quantification has important implications for the fields of taxonomy, evolutionary and conservation biology. In this study, we scan genomes from several population...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Evolutionary Applications |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13570 |
| _version_ | 1797449919931351040 |
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| author | Enrico Bazzicalupo Mirosław Ratkiewicz Ivan V. Seryodkin Innokentiy Okhlopkov Naranbaatar Galsandorj Yuriy A. Yarovenko Janis Ozolins Alexander P. Saveljev Dime Melovski Alexander Gavashelishvili Krzysztof Schmidt José A. Godoy |
| author_facet | Enrico Bazzicalupo Mirosław Ratkiewicz Ivan V. Seryodkin Innokentiy Okhlopkov Naranbaatar Galsandorj Yuriy A. Yarovenko Janis Ozolins Alexander P. Saveljev Dime Melovski Alexander Gavashelishvili Krzysztof Schmidt José A. Godoy |
| author_sort | Enrico Bazzicalupo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Local adaptations to the environment are an important aspect of the diversity of a species and their discovery, description and quantification has important implications for the fields of taxonomy, evolutionary and conservation biology. In this study, we scan genomes from several populations across the distributional range of the Eurasian lynx, with the objective of finding genomic windows under positive selection which may underlie local adaptations to different environments. A total of 394 genomic windows are found to be associated to local environmental conditions, and they are enriched for genes involved in metabolism, behaviour, synaptic organization and neural development. Adaptive genetic structure, reconstructed from SNPs in candidate windows, is considerably different than the neutral genetic structure of the species. A widespread adaptively homogeneous group is recovered occupying areas of harsher snow and temperature climatic conditions in the north‐western, central and eastern parts of the distribution. Adaptively divergent populations are recovered in the westernmost part of the range, especially within the Baltic population, but also predicted for different patches in the western and southern part of the range, associated with different snow and temperature regimes. Adaptive differentiation driven by climate does not correlate much with the subspecies taxonomic delimitations, suggesting that subspecific divergences are mostly driven by neutral processes of genetic drift and gene flow. Our results will aid the selection of source populations for assisted gene flow or genetic rescue programs by identifying what climatic patterns to look for as predictors of pre‐adaptation of individuals. Particularly, the Carpathian population is confirmed as the best source of individuals for the genetic rescue of the endangered, isolated and genetically eroded Balkan population. Additionally, reintroductions in central and western Europe, currently based mostly on Carpathian lynxes, could consider the Baltic population as an additional source to increase adaptive variation and likely improve adaptation to their milder climate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:33:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd20ee88523046f8baec503445b5979d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1752-4571 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:33:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Evolutionary Applications |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd20ee88523046f8baec503445b5979d2023-11-27T20:45:24ZengWileyEvolutionary Applications1752-45712023-11-0116111773178810.1111/eva.13570Genome‐environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)Enrico Bazzicalupo0Mirosław Ratkiewicz1Ivan V. Seryodkin2Innokentiy Okhlopkov3Naranbaatar Galsandorj4Yuriy A. Yarovenko5Janis Ozolins6Alexander P. Saveljev7Dime Melovski8Alexander Gavashelishvili9Krzysztof Schmidt10José A. Godoy11Department of Ecology and Evolution Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC) Seville SpainFaculty of Biology University of Białystok Białystok PolandLaboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Animals Pacific Institute of Geography of Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok RussiaInstitute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yakutsk RussiaInstitute of Biology Mongolian Academy of Sciences Ulaanbaatar MongoliaPre‐Caspian Institute of Biological Resources Dagestan Federal Scientific Centre of RAS Makhachkala RussiaDepartment of Hunting and Wildlife Management Latvijas Valsts mežzinātnes institūts "Silava" Salaspils LatviaDepartment of Animal Ecology Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming Kirov RussiaMacedonian Ecological Society (MES) Skopje North MacedoniaCenter of Biodiversity Studies, Institute of Ecology Ilia State University Tbilisi GeorgiaMammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża PolandDepartment of Ecology and Evolution Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC) Seville SpainAbstract Local adaptations to the environment are an important aspect of the diversity of a species and their discovery, description and quantification has important implications for the fields of taxonomy, evolutionary and conservation biology. In this study, we scan genomes from several populations across the distributional range of the Eurasian lynx, with the objective of finding genomic windows under positive selection which may underlie local adaptations to different environments. A total of 394 genomic windows are found to be associated to local environmental conditions, and they are enriched for genes involved in metabolism, behaviour, synaptic organization and neural development. Adaptive genetic structure, reconstructed from SNPs in candidate windows, is considerably different than the neutral genetic structure of the species. A widespread adaptively homogeneous group is recovered occupying areas of harsher snow and temperature climatic conditions in the north‐western, central and eastern parts of the distribution. Adaptively divergent populations are recovered in the westernmost part of the range, especially within the Baltic population, but also predicted for different patches in the western and southern part of the range, associated with different snow and temperature regimes. Adaptive differentiation driven by climate does not correlate much with the subspecies taxonomic delimitations, suggesting that subspecific divergences are mostly driven by neutral processes of genetic drift and gene flow. Our results will aid the selection of source populations for assisted gene flow or genetic rescue programs by identifying what climatic patterns to look for as predictors of pre‐adaptation of individuals. Particularly, the Carpathian population is confirmed as the best source of individuals for the genetic rescue of the endangered, isolated and genetically eroded Balkan population. Additionally, reintroductions in central and western Europe, currently based mostly on Carpathian lynxes, could consider the Baltic population as an additional source to increase adaptive variation and likely improve adaptation to their milder climate.https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13570conservation unitsEurasian lynxgenome scanslocal adaptationLynx lynxsubspecies |
| spellingShingle | Enrico Bazzicalupo Mirosław Ratkiewicz Ivan V. Seryodkin Innokentiy Okhlopkov Naranbaatar Galsandorj Yuriy A. Yarovenko Janis Ozolins Alexander P. Saveljev Dime Melovski Alexander Gavashelishvili Krzysztof Schmidt José A. Godoy Genome‐environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) Evolutionary Applications conservation units Eurasian lynx genome scans local adaptation Lynx lynx subspecies |
| title | Genome‐environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_full | Genome‐environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_fullStr | Genome‐environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome‐environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_short | Genome‐environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_sort | genome environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread eurasian carnivore lynx lynx linnaeus 1758 |
| topic | conservation units Eurasian lynx genome scans local adaptation Lynx lynx subspecies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13570 |
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