Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanisms
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men globally. CRC arises from one or a combination of chromosomal instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and microsatellite instability. Genetic instability is usually caused by aneuploidy and loss...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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China Anti-Cancer Association
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Cancer Biology & Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/913 |
| _version_ | 1818492650829905920 |
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| author | Kanwal Tariq Kulsoom Ghias |
| author_facet | Kanwal Tariq Kulsoom Ghias |
| author_sort | Kanwal Tariq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men globally. CRC arises from one or a combination of chromosomal instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and microsatellite instability. Genetic instability is usually caused by aneuploidy and loss of heterozygosity. Mutations in the tumor suppressor or cell cycle genes may also lead to cellular transformation. Similarly, epigenetic and/or genetic alterations resulting in impaired cellular pathways, such as DNA repair mechanism, may lead to microsatellite instability and mutator phenotype. Non-coding RNAs, more importantly microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs have also been implicated at various CRC stages. Understanding the specific mechanisms of tumorigenesis and the underlying genetic and epigenetic traits is critical in comprehending the disease phenotype. This paper reviews these mechanisms along with the roles of various non-coding RNAs in CRCs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:45:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd214341a3da4c28b74bdd90c96abc65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-3941 2095-3941 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:45:54Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | China Anti-Cancer Association |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Biology & Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd214341a3da4c28b74bdd90c96abc652022-12-22T01:39:15ZengChina Anti-Cancer AssociationCancer Biology & Medicine2095-39412095-39412016-03-011311203510.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.01032015000103Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanismsKanwal Tariq0Kulsoom Ghias1Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, PakistanDepartment of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, PakistanColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men globally. CRC arises from one or a combination of chromosomal instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and microsatellite instability. Genetic instability is usually caused by aneuploidy and loss of heterozygosity. Mutations in the tumor suppressor or cell cycle genes may also lead to cellular transformation. Similarly, epigenetic and/or genetic alterations resulting in impaired cellular pathways, such as DNA repair mechanism, may lead to microsatellite instability and mutator phenotype. Non-coding RNAs, more importantly microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs have also been implicated at various CRC stages. Understanding the specific mechanisms of tumorigenesis and the underlying genetic and epigenetic traits is critical in comprehending the disease phenotype. This paper reviews these mechanisms along with the roles of various non-coding RNAs in CRCs.http://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/913Colorectal cancerchromosomal instabilitymicrosatellite instabilitynon-coding RNA mismatch repair |
| spellingShingle | Kanwal Tariq Kulsoom Ghias Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanisms Cancer Biology & Medicine Colorectal cancer chromosomal instability microsatellite instability non-coding RNA mismatch repair |
| title | Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanisms |
| title_full | Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanisms |
| title_short | Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanisms |
| title_sort | colorectal cancer carcinogenesis a review of mechanisms |
| topic | Colorectal cancer chromosomal instability microsatellite instability non-coding RNA mismatch repair |
| url | http://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/913 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kanwaltariq colorectalcancercarcinogenesisareviewofmechanisms AT kulsoomghias colorectalcancercarcinogenesisareviewofmechanisms |