Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host-directed therapies in combating tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) maintains its infamous status regarding its detrimental effect on global health, causing the highest mortality by a single infectious agent. The presence of resistance and immune compromising disease favours the disease in maintaining its footing in the health care burden despite v...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332223003761 |
| _version_ | 1797837193939517440 |
|---|---|
| author | Simisola Ayodele Pradeep Kumar Armorel van Eyk Yahya E. Choonara |
| author_facet | Simisola Ayodele Pradeep Kumar Armorel van Eyk Yahya E. Choonara |
| author_sort | Simisola Ayodele |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuberculosis (TB) maintains its infamous status regarding its detrimental effect on global health, causing the highest mortality by a single infectious agent. The presence of resistance and immune compromising disease favours the disease in maintaining its footing in the health care burden despite various anti-TB drugs used to fight it. Main factors contributing to resistance and difficulty in treating disease include prolonged treatment duration (at least 6 months) and severe toxicity, which further leads to patient non-compliance, and thus a ripple effect leading to therapeutic non-efficacy. The efficacy of new regimens demonstrates that targeting host factors concomitantly with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strain is urgently required. Due to the huge expenses and time required of up to 20 years for new drug research and development, drug repurposing may be the most economical, circumspective, and conveniently faster journey to embark on. Host-directed therapy (HDT) will dampen the burden of the disease by acting as an immunomodulator, allowing it to defend the body against antibiotic-resistant pathogens whilst minimizing the possibility of developing new resistance to susceptible drugs. Repurposed drugs in TB act as host-directed therapies, acclimatizing the host immune cell to the presence of TB, improving its antimicrobial activity and time taken to get rid of the disease, whilst minimizing inflammation and tissue damage. In this review, we, therefore, explore possible immunomodulatory targets, HDT immunomodulatory agents, and their ability to improve clinical outcomes whilst minimizing the risk of drug resistance, through various pathway targeting and treatment duration reduction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:21:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd28d5f27ff54ca4ac56f54fcca9b393 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0753-3322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:21:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd28d5f27ff54ca4ac56f54fcca9b3932023-04-29T14:45:55ZengElsevierBiomedicine & Pharmacotherapy0753-33222023-06-01162114588Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host-directed therapies in combating tuberculosisSimisola Ayodele0Pradeep Kumar1Armorel van Eyk2Yahya E. Choonara3Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South AfricaWits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South AfricaWits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa; Corresponding author.Tuberculosis (TB) maintains its infamous status regarding its detrimental effect on global health, causing the highest mortality by a single infectious agent. The presence of resistance and immune compromising disease favours the disease in maintaining its footing in the health care burden despite various anti-TB drugs used to fight it. Main factors contributing to resistance and difficulty in treating disease include prolonged treatment duration (at least 6 months) and severe toxicity, which further leads to patient non-compliance, and thus a ripple effect leading to therapeutic non-efficacy. The efficacy of new regimens demonstrates that targeting host factors concomitantly with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strain is urgently required. Due to the huge expenses and time required of up to 20 years for new drug research and development, drug repurposing may be the most economical, circumspective, and conveniently faster journey to embark on. Host-directed therapy (HDT) will dampen the burden of the disease by acting as an immunomodulator, allowing it to defend the body against antibiotic-resistant pathogens whilst minimizing the possibility of developing new resistance to susceptible drugs. Repurposed drugs in TB act as host-directed therapies, acclimatizing the host immune cell to the presence of TB, improving its antimicrobial activity and time taken to get rid of the disease, whilst minimizing inflammation and tissue damage. In this review, we, therefore, explore possible immunomodulatory targets, HDT immunomodulatory agents, and their ability to improve clinical outcomes whilst minimizing the risk of drug resistance, through various pathway targeting and treatment duration reduction.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332223003761TuberculosisDrug ResistancePattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)Repurposed DrugsHost-Directed Therapies (HDTs)Immunomodulators |
| spellingShingle | Simisola Ayodele Pradeep Kumar Armorel van Eyk Yahya E. Choonara Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host-directed therapies in combating tuberculosis Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Repurposed Drugs Host-Directed Therapies (HDTs) Immunomodulators |
| title | Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host-directed therapies in combating tuberculosis |
| title_full | Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host-directed therapies in combating tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host-directed therapies in combating tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host-directed therapies in combating tuberculosis |
| title_short | Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host-directed therapies in combating tuberculosis |
| title_sort | advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host directed therapies in combating tuberculosis |
| topic | Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Repurposed Drugs Host-Directed Therapies (HDTs) Immunomodulators |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332223003761 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT simisolaayodele advancesinimmunomodulatorystrategiesforhostdirectedtherapiesincombatingtuberculosis AT pradeepkumar advancesinimmunomodulatorystrategiesforhostdirectedtherapiesincombatingtuberculosis AT armorelvaneyk advancesinimmunomodulatorystrategiesforhostdirectedtherapiesincombatingtuberculosis AT yahyaechoonara advancesinimmunomodulatorystrategiesforhostdirectedtherapiesincombatingtuberculosis |