Safety Evaluation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101, Newly Isolated from Cheonggukjang, for Industrial Applications
The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (BS) IDCC1101, newly isolated from Cheonggukjang in Korea. Genome sequencing of BS IDCC1101 was performed to investigate the presence of secondary metabolites, virulence, antibiotic resistance, and mobile elements...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/12/2494 |
| _version_ | 1827637632002162688 |
|---|---|
| author | Su-Hyeon Kim Gashaw Assefa Yehuala Won Yeong Bang Jungwoo Yang Young Hoon Jung Mi-Kyung Park |
| author_facet | Su-Hyeon Kim Gashaw Assefa Yehuala Won Yeong Bang Jungwoo Yang Young Hoon Jung Mi-Kyung Park |
| author_sort | Su-Hyeon Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (BS) IDCC1101, newly isolated from Cheonggukjang in Korea. Genome sequencing of BS IDCC1101 was performed to investigate the presence of secondary metabolites, virulence, antibiotic resistance, and mobile elements. Its phenotypic safety analyses included antibiotic susceptibility, enzyme activity, carbohydrate utilization, production of biogenic amines (BAs) and D-/L-lactate, hemolytic activity, and toxicities in HaCaT cells and rats. The genome of BS IDCC1101 consisted of 4,118,950 bp with 3077 functional genes. Among them, antimicrobial and antifungal secondary metabolites were found, such as fengycin, bacillibactin, and bacilysin. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes did not exhibit transferability since they did not overlap with mobile elements in the genome. BS IDCC1101 was susceptible to almost all antibiotics suggested for assessment of BS’s antibiotic susceptibility by EFSA guidelines, except for streptomycin. BS IDCC1101 showed the utilization of a wide range of 27 carbohydrates, as well as enzyme activities such as alkaline phosphatase, esterase, esterase lipase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase activities. Additionally, BS IDCC1101 did not exhibit the production of D-/L-lactate and hemolytic activities. Its toxicity in HaCaT cells and rats was also not detected. Thus, these genotypic and phenotypic findings indicate that BS IDCC1101 can be safely used for industrial applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:04:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd300d2a7b954230aa872415ac6015ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:04:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd300d2a7b954230aa872415ac6015ba2023-11-24T16:50:03ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-12-011012249410.3390/microorganisms10122494Safety Evaluation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101, Newly Isolated from Cheonggukjang, for Industrial ApplicationsSu-Hyeon Kim0Gashaw Assefa Yehuala1Won Yeong Bang2Jungwoo Yang3Young Hoon Jung4Mi-Kyung Park5School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaSchool of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaIldong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si 17957, Republic of KoreaIldong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si 17957, Republic of KoreaSchool of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaSchool of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaThe present study aimed to evaluate the safety of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (BS) IDCC1101, newly isolated from Cheonggukjang in Korea. Genome sequencing of BS IDCC1101 was performed to investigate the presence of secondary metabolites, virulence, antibiotic resistance, and mobile elements. Its phenotypic safety analyses included antibiotic susceptibility, enzyme activity, carbohydrate utilization, production of biogenic amines (BAs) and D-/L-lactate, hemolytic activity, and toxicities in HaCaT cells and rats. The genome of BS IDCC1101 consisted of 4,118,950 bp with 3077 functional genes. Among them, antimicrobial and antifungal secondary metabolites were found, such as fengycin, bacillibactin, and bacilysin. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes did not exhibit transferability since they did not overlap with mobile elements in the genome. BS IDCC1101 was susceptible to almost all antibiotics suggested for assessment of BS’s antibiotic susceptibility by EFSA guidelines, except for streptomycin. BS IDCC1101 showed the utilization of a wide range of 27 carbohydrates, as well as enzyme activities such as alkaline phosphatase, esterase, esterase lipase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase activities. Additionally, BS IDCC1101 did not exhibit the production of D-/L-lactate and hemolytic activities. Its toxicity in HaCaT cells and rats was also not detected. Thus, these genotypic and phenotypic findings indicate that BS IDCC1101 can be safely used for industrial applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/12/2494<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101safety evaluationindustrial applicationprobioticsgenomic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Su-Hyeon Kim Gashaw Assefa Yehuala Won Yeong Bang Jungwoo Yang Young Hoon Jung Mi-Kyung Park Safety Evaluation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101, Newly Isolated from Cheonggukjang, for Industrial Applications Microorganisms <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101 safety evaluation industrial application probiotics genomic analysis |
| title | Safety Evaluation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101, Newly Isolated from Cheonggukjang, for Industrial Applications |
| title_full | Safety Evaluation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101, Newly Isolated from Cheonggukjang, for Industrial Applications |
| title_fullStr | Safety Evaluation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101, Newly Isolated from Cheonggukjang, for Industrial Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Safety Evaluation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101, Newly Isolated from Cheonggukjang, for Industrial Applications |
| title_short | Safety Evaluation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101, Newly Isolated from Cheonggukjang, for Industrial Applications |
| title_sort | safety evaluation of i bacillus subtilis i idcc1101 newly isolated from cheonggukjang for industrial applications |
| topic | <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> IDCC1101 safety evaluation industrial application probiotics genomic analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/12/2494 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT suhyeonkim safetyevaluationofibacillussubtilisiidcc1101newlyisolatedfromcheonggukjangforindustrialapplications AT gashawassefayehuala safetyevaluationofibacillussubtilisiidcc1101newlyisolatedfromcheonggukjangforindustrialapplications AT wonyeongbang safetyevaluationofibacillussubtilisiidcc1101newlyisolatedfromcheonggukjangforindustrialapplications AT jungwooyang safetyevaluationofibacillussubtilisiidcc1101newlyisolatedfromcheonggukjangforindustrialapplications AT younghoonjung safetyevaluationofibacillussubtilisiidcc1101newlyisolatedfromcheonggukjangforindustrialapplications AT mikyungpark safetyevaluationofibacillussubtilisiidcc1101newlyisolatedfromcheonggukjangforindustrialapplications |