Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation
Simple Kumar,1 Eunice Lazau,2 Carter Kim,2 Naresh N Thadhani,3 Mark R Prausnitz1 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; 2School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA; 3School of Mat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/serum-protects-cells-and-increases-intracellular-delivery-of-molecules-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN |
| _version_ | 1818844027602075648 |
|---|---|
| author | Kumar S Lazau E Kim C Thadhani NN Prausnitz MR |
| author_facet | Kumar S Lazau E Kim C Thadhani NN Prausnitz MR |
| author_sort | Kumar S |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Simple Kumar,1 Eunice Lazau,2 Carter Kim,2 Naresh N Thadhani,3 Mark R Prausnitz1 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; 2School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA; 3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USACorrespondence: Mark R PrausnitzFord Environmental Science & Technology Building, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USATel +1 404 894-5135Fax +1 404 894-2291Email prausnitz@gatech.eduIntroduction: Intracellular delivery of molecules is central to applications in biotechnology, medicine, and basic research. Nanoparticle-mediated photoporation using carbon black nanoparticles exposed to pulsed, near-infrared laser irradiation offers a physical route to create transient cell membrane pores, enabling intracellular delivery. However, nanoparticle-mediated photoporation, like other physical intracellular delivery technologies, necessitates a trade-off between achieving efficient uptake of exogenous molecules and maintaining high cell viability.Methods: In this study, we sought to shift this balance by adding serum to cells during nanoparticle-mediated photoporation as a viability protectant. DU-145 prostate cancer cells and human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to laser irradiation in the presence of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles and other formulation additives, including fetal bovine serum (FBS) and polymers.Results: Our studies showed that FBS can protect cells from viability loss, even at high-fluence laser irradiation conditions that lead to high levels of intracellular delivery in two different mammalian cell types. Further studies revealed that full FBS was not needed: viability protection was achieved with denatured FBS, with just the high molecular weight fraction of FBS (> 30 kDa), or even with individual proteins like albumin or hemoglobin. Finally, we found that viability protection was also obtained using certain neutral water-soluble polymers, including Pluronic F127, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and polyethylene glycol, which were more effective at increased concentration, molecular weight, or hydrophobicity.Conclusion: Altogether, these findings suggest an interaction between amphiphilic domains of polymers with the cell membrane to help cells maintain viability, possibly by facilitating transmembrane pore closure. In this way, serum components or synthetic polymers can be used to increase intracellular delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation while maintaining high cell viability.Keywords: drug delivery, carbon black nanoparticle, photoporation, polymer, cell viability |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:07:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd321996e62042b384504e708cded357 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-2013 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:07:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd321996e62042b384504e708cded3572022-12-21T20:34:55ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of Nanomedicine1178-20132021-05-01Volume 163707372465338Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated PhotoporationKumar SLazau EKim CThadhani NNPrausnitz MRSimple Kumar,1 Eunice Lazau,2 Carter Kim,2 Naresh N Thadhani,3 Mark R Prausnitz1 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; 2School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA; 3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USACorrespondence: Mark R PrausnitzFord Environmental Science & Technology Building, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USATel +1 404 894-5135Fax +1 404 894-2291Email prausnitz@gatech.eduIntroduction: Intracellular delivery of molecules is central to applications in biotechnology, medicine, and basic research. Nanoparticle-mediated photoporation using carbon black nanoparticles exposed to pulsed, near-infrared laser irradiation offers a physical route to create transient cell membrane pores, enabling intracellular delivery. However, nanoparticle-mediated photoporation, like other physical intracellular delivery technologies, necessitates a trade-off between achieving efficient uptake of exogenous molecules and maintaining high cell viability.Methods: In this study, we sought to shift this balance by adding serum to cells during nanoparticle-mediated photoporation as a viability protectant. DU-145 prostate cancer cells and human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to laser irradiation in the presence of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles and other formulation additives, including fetal bovine serum (FBS) and polymers.Results: Our studies showed that FBS can protect cells from viability loss, even at high-fluence laser irradiation conditions that lead to high levels of intracellular delivery in two different mammalian cell types. Further studies revealed that full FBS was not needed: viability protection was achieved with denatured FBS, with just the high molecular weight fraction of FBS (> 30 kDa), or even with individual proteins like albumin or hemoglobin. Finally, we found that viability protection was also obtained using certain neutral water-soluble polymers, including Pluronic F127, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and polyethylene glycol, which were more effective at increased concentration, molecular weight, or hydrophobicity.Conclusion: Altogether, these findings suggest an interaction between amphiphilic domains of polymers with the cell membrane to help cells maintain viability, possibly by facilitating transmembrane pore closure. In this way, serum components or synthetic polymers can be used to increase intracellular delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation while maintaining high cell viability.Keywords: drug delivery, carbon black nanoparticle, photoporation, polymer, cell viabilityhttps://www.dovepress.com/serum-protects-cells-and-increases-intracellular-delivery-of-molecules-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJNdrug deliverycarbon black nanoparticlephotoporationpolymercell viability |
| spellingShingle | Kumar S Lazau E Kim C Thadhani NN Prausnitz MR Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation International Journal of Nanomedicine drug delivery carbon black nanoparticle photoporation polymer cell viability |
| title | Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation |
| title_full | Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation |
| title_fullStr | Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation |
| title_short | Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation |
| title_sort | serum protects cells and increases intracellular delivery of molecules by nanoparticle mediated photoporation |
| topic | drug delivery carbon black nanoparticle photoporation polymer cell viability |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/serum-protects-cells-and-increases-intracellular-delivery-of-molecules-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kumars serumprotectscellsandincreasesintracellulardeliveryofmoleculesbynanoparticlemediatedphotoporation AT lazaue serumprotectscellsandincreasesintracellulardeliveryofmoleculesbynanoparticlemediatedphotoporation AT kimc serumprotectscellsandincreasesintracellulardeliveryofmoleculesbynanoparticlemediatedphotoporation AT thadhaninn serumprotectscellsandincreasesintracellulardeliveryofmoleculesbynanoparticlemediatedphotoporation AT prausnitzmr serumprotectscellsandincreasesintracellulardeliveryofmoleculesbynanoparticlemediatedphotoporation |