Inhibition of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biofilm Formation Using Different Treatments of Silica Nanoparticles
There exists a multitude of pathogens that pose a threat to human and public healthcare, collectively referred to as ESKAPE pathogens. These pathogens are capable of producing biofilm, which proves to be quite resistant to elimination. Strains of <i>A. baumannii</i>, identified by the “A...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1365 |
| _version_ | 1797581571048341504 |
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| author | Iyad Y. Natsheh Mallak T. Elkhader Ala’a A. Al-Bakheit Majd M. Alsaleh Bassam I. El-Eswed Nedaa F. Hosein Duaa K. Albadawi |
| author_facet | Iyad Y. Natsheh Mallak T. Elkhader Ala’a A. Al-Bakheit Majd M. Alsaleh Bassam I. El-Eswed Nedaa F. Hosein Duaa K. Albadawi |
| author_sort | Iyad Y. Natsheh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There exists a multitude of pathogens that pose a threat to human and public healthcare, collectively referred to as ESKAPE pathogens. These pathogens are capable of producing biofilm, which proves to be quite resistant to elimination. Strains of <i>A. baumannii</i>, identified by the “A” in the acronym ESKAPE, exhibit significant resistance to amoxicillin in vivo due to their ability to form biofilm. This study aims to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, evaluate novel silica nanoparticles’ effectiveness in inhibiting biofilm, and compare their effectiveness. Amoxicillin was utilized as a positive control, with a concentration exceeding twice that when combined with silica NPs. Treatments included pure silica NPs, silica NPs modified with copper oxide (CuO.SiO<sub>2</sub>), sodium hydroxide (NaOH.SiO<sub>2</sub>), and phosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>.SiO<sub>2</sub>). The characterization of NPs was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while safety testing against normal fibroblast cells was employed by MTT assay. The microtiter plate biofilm formation assay was utilized to construct biofilm, with evaluations conducted using three broth media types: brain heart infusion (BHI) with 2% glucose and 2% sucrose, Loria broth (LB) with and without glucose and sucrose, and Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium/nutrient (DMEN/M). Concentrations ranging from 1.0 mg/mL to 0.06 µg/mL were tested using a microdilution assay. Results from SEM showed that pure silica NPs were mesoporous, but in the amorphous shape of the CuO and NaOH treatments, these pores were disrupted, while H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> was composed of sheets. Silica NPs were able to target <i>Acinetobacter</i> biofilms without harming normal cells, with viability rates ranging from 61–73%. The best biofilm formation was achieved using a BHI medium with sugar supplementation, with an absorbance value of 0.35. Biofilms treated with 5.0 mg/mL of amoxicillin as a positive control alongside 1.0 mg/mL of each of the four silica treatments in isolation, resulting in the inhibition of absorbance values of 0.04, 0.13, 0.07, 0.09, and 0.08, for SiO<sub>2</sub>, CuO.SiO<sub>2</sub>, NaOH.SiO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>.SiO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. When amoxicillin was combined, inhibition increased from 0.3 to 0.04; NaOH with amoxicillin resulted in the lowest minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), 0.25 µg/mL, compared to all treatments and amoxicillin, whereas pure silica and composite had the highest MBIC, even when combined with amoxicillin, compared to all treatments, but performed better than that of the amoxicillin alone which gave the MBIC at 625 µg/mL. The absorbance values of MBIC of each treatment showed no significant differences in relation to amoxicillin absorbance value and relation to each other. Our study showed that smaller amoxicillin doses combined with the novel silica nanoparticles may reduce toxic side effects and inhibit biofilm formation, making them viable alternatives to high-concentration dosages. Further investigation is needed to evaluate in vivo activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:06:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd33e66630ae40b8af2852b8ee9f1491 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:06:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd33e66630ae40b8af2852b8ee9f14912023-11-19T09:16:46ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-08-01129136510.3390/antibiotics12091365Inhibition of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biofilm Formation Using Different Treatments of Silica NanoparticlesIyad Y. Natsheh0Mallak T. Elkhader1Ala’a A. Al-Bakheit2Majd M. Alsaleh3Bassam I. El-Eswed4Nedaa F. Hosein5Duaa K. Albadawi6Department of Medical Applied Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, JordanDepartment of Medical Applied Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, JordanDepartment of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, JordanDepartment of Medical Applied Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, JordanDepartment of Basic Science, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, JordanDepartment of Medical Applied Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, JordanDepartment of Medical Applied Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, JordanThere exists a multitude of pathogens that pose a threat to human and public healthcare, collectively referred to as ESKAPE pathogens. These pathogens are capable of producing biofilm, which proves to be quite resistant to elimination. Strains of <i>A. baumannii</i>, identified by the “A” in the acronym ESKAPE, exhibit significant resistance to amoxicillin in vivo due to their ability to form biofilm. This study aims to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, evaluate novel silica nanoparticles’ effectiveness in inhibiting biofilm, and compare their effectiveness. Amoxicillin was utilized as a positive control, with a concentration exceeding twice that when combined with silica NPs. Treatments included pure silica NPs, silica NPs modified with copper oxide (CuO.SiO<sub>2</sub>), sodium hydroxide (NaOH.SiO<sub>2</sub>), and phosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>.SiO<sub>2</sub>). The characterization of NPs was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while safety testing against normal fibroblast cells was employed by MTT assay. The microtiter plate biofilm formation assay was utilized to construct biofilm, with evaluations conducted using three broth media types: brain heart infusion (BHI) with 2% glucose and 2% sucrose, Loria broth (LB) with and without glucose and sucrose, and Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium/nutrient (DMEN/M). Concentrations ranging from 1.0 mg/mL to 0.06 µg/mL were tested using a microdilution assay. Results from SEM showed that pure silica NPs were mesoporous, but in the amorphous shape of the CuO and NaOH treatments, these pores were disrupted, while H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> was composed of sheets. Silica NPs were able to target <i>Acinetobacter</i> biofilms without harming normal cells, with viability rates ranging from 61–73%. The best biofilm formation was achieved using a BHI medium with sugar supplementation, with an absorbance value of 0.35. Biofilms treated with 5.0 mg/mL of amoxicillin as a positive control alongside 1.0 mg/mL of each of the four silica treatments in isolation, resulting in the inhibition of absorbance values of 0.04, 0.13, 0.07, 0.09, and 0.08, for SiO<sub>2</sub>, CuO.SiO<sub>2</sub>, NaOH.SiO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>.SiO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. When amoxicillin was combined, inhibition increased from 0.3 to 0.04; NaOH with amoxicillin resulted in the lowest minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), 0.25 µg/mL, compared to all treatments and amoxicillin, whereas pure silica and composite had the highest MBIC, even when combined with amoxicillin, compared to all treatments, but performed better than that of the amoxicillin alone which gave the MBIC at 625 µg/mL. The absorbance values of MBIC of each treatment showed no significant differences in relation to amoxicillin absorbance value and relation to each other. Our study showed that smaller amoxicillin doses combined with the novel silica nanoparticles may reduce toxic side effects and inhibit biofilm formation, making them viable alternatives to high-concentration dosages. Further investigation is needed to evaluate in vivo activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1365ESKAPEquorum sensingopportunisticnosocomial pathogenmulti-drug resistanceplanktonic form |
| spellingShingle | Iyad Y. Natsheh Mallak T. Elkhader Ala’a A. Al-Bakheit Majd M. Alsaleh Bassam I. El-Eswed Nedaa F. Hosein Duaa K. Albadawi Inhibition of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biofilm Formation Using Different Treatments of Silica Nanoparticles Antibiotics ESKAPE quorum sensing opportunistic nosocomial pathogen multi-drug resistance planktonic form |
| title | Inhibition of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biofilm Formation Using Different Treatments of Silica Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Inhibition of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biofilm Formation Using Different Treatments of Silica Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Inhibition of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biofilm Formation Using Different Treatments of Silica Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibition of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biofilm Formation Using Different Treatments of Silica Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Inhibition of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biofilm Formation Using Different Treatments of Silica Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | inhibition of i acinetobacter baumannii i biofilm formation using different treatments of silica nanoparticles |
| topic | ESKAPE quorum sensing opportunistic nosocomial pathogen multi-drug resistance planktonic form |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1365 |
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