Alternative and Sustainable Protein Sources in Pig Diet: A Review
The search for alternative protein sources to soybean meal (SBM) in animal feeding is a strategic objective to reduce production costs and contribute to sustainable animal production. Spirulina, due to the high protein content, has emerged as a potential cost-effective, sustainable, viable, and high...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/2/310 |
| _version_ | 1797344776249409536 |
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| author | Antonia Lestingi |
| author_facet | Antonia Lestingi |
| author_sort | Antonia Lestingi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The search for alternative protein sources to soybean meal (SBM) in animal feeding is a strategic objective to reduce production costs and contribute to sustainable animal production. Spirulina, due to the high protein content, has emerged as a potential cost-effective, sustainable, viable, and high-nutritional-value food resource for many animal species. Insect larvae (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) are also considered potential alternatives to SBM, given their high edible percentage of almost 100%, as well as a protein value higher than that of vegetable proteins. Rapeseed meal and grain legumes, such as fava beans, peas, lupins, and chickpea, can also be used as locally producible protein ingredients. This study reviews the nutritional value of these potential alternatives to SBM in pig diets, and their effects on animal performance, digestion, immune system, and the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of meat, including processed pork products. The limits on their use in pig feeding are also reviewed to indicate gaps to be filled in future research on the supplementation level of these potential alternative protein sources in pig diets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:07:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd3b8bf8ce414f0692272e51c776d552 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:07:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd3b8bf8ce414f0692272e51c776d5522024-01-26T14:33:15ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-01-0114231010.3390/ani14020310Alternative and Sustainable Protein Sources in Pig Diet: A ReviewAntonia Lestingi0Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, ItalyThe search for alternative protein sources to soybean meal (SBM) in animal feeding is a strategic objective to reduce production costs and contribute to sustainable animal production. Spirulina, due to the high protein content, has emerged as a potential cost-effective, sustainable, viable, and high-nutritional-value food resource for many animal species. Insect larvae (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) are also considered potential alternatives to SBM, given their high edible percentage of almost 100%, as well as a protein value higher than that of vegetable proteins. Rapeseed meal and grain legumes, such as fava beans, peas, lupins, and chickpea, can also be used as locally producible protein ingredients. This study reviews the nutritional value of these potential alternatives to SBM in pig diets, and their effects on animal performance, digestion, immune system, and the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of meat, including processed pork products. The limits on their use in pig feeding are also reviewed to indicate gaps to be filled in future research on the supplementation level of these potential alternative protein sources in pig diets.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/2/310pigsinsect larvaespirulinarapeseed mealgrain legumesnutritional value |
| spellingShingle | Antonia Lestingi Alternative and Sustainable Protein Sources in Pig Diet: A Review Animals pigs insect larvae spirulina rapeseed meal grain legumes nutritional value |
| title | Alternative and Sustainable Protein Sources in Pig Diet: A Review |
| title_full | Alternative and Sustainable Protein Sources in Pig Diet: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Alternative and Sustainable Protein Sources in Pig Diet: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternative and Sustainable Protein Sources in Pig Diet: A Review |
| title_short | Alternative and Sustainable Protein Sources in Pig Diet: A Review |
| title_sort | alternative and sustainable protein sources in pig diet a review |
| topic | pigs insect larvae spirulina rapeseed meal grain legumes nutritional value |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/2/310 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT antonialestingi alternativeandsustainableproteinsourcesinpigdietareview |