Orbital Inflammation in Thyroid Eye Disease: Stress Responses and Their Implications
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune condition characterized by significant inflammation of orbital tissues, including the extraocular muscles and adipose tissues. The pathological mechanisms underlying this inflammation involve a complex interplay of stress responses at the cellul...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Stresses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7140/4/1/4 |
| _version_ | 1827304940879478784 |
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| author | Tracy Aoun Diana Danielova Gueorguieva Kevin Y. Wu |
| author_facet | Tracy Aoun Diana Danielova Gueorguieva Kevin Y. Wu |
| author_sort | Tracy Aoun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune condition characterized by significant inflammation of orbital tissues, including the extraocular muscles and adipose tissues. The pathological mechanisms underlying this inflammation involve a complex interplay of stress responses at the cellular and molecular level. This review aims to critically evaluate and synthesize existing literature on the mechanisms of orbital inflammation in TED. We discuss the role of autoantibodies, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the initiation and propagation of the inflammatory process. Additionally, we explore how stress responses triggered by these elements affect the integrity of orbital tissues and contribute to its remodeling. Our review underscores the need for continued research in this field, which may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies for TED. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:48:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd3db7efaaea4b9fb546c1efe3bf9a6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-7140 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:48:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stresses |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd3db7efaaea4b9fb546c1efe3bf9a6a2024-03-27T14:05:09ZengMDPI AGStresses2673-71402024-01-0141547810.3390/stresses4010004Orbital Inflammation in Thyroid Eye Disease: Stress Responses and Their ImplicationsTracy Aoun0Diana Danielova Gueorguieva1Kevin Y. Wu2Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadaFaculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, CanadaThyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune condition characterized by significant inflammation of orbital tissues, including the extraocular muscles and adipose tissues. The pathological mechanisms underlying this inflammation involve a complex interplay of stress responses at the cellular and molecular level. This review aims to critically evaluate and synthesize existing literature on the mechanisms of orbital inflammation in TED. We discuss the role of autoantibodies, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the initiation and propagation of the inflammatory process. Additionally, we explore how stress responses triggered by these elements affect the integrity of orbital tissues and contribute to its remodeling. Our review underscores the need for continued research in this field, which may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies for TED.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7140/4/1/4thyroid eye diseaseGraves’ diseaseGraves’ ophthalmopathyGraves’ orbitopathystressoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Tracy Aoun Diana Danielova Gueorguieva Kevin Y. Wu Orbital Inflammation in Thyroid Eye Disease: Stress Responses and Their Implications Stresses thyroid eye disease Graves’ disease Graves’ ophthalmopathy Graves’ orbitopathy stress oxidative stress |
| title | Orbital Inflammation in Thyroid Eye Disease: Stress Responses and Their Implications |
| title_full | Orbital Inflammation in Thyroid Eye Disease: Stress Responses and Their Implications |
| title_fullStr | Orbital Inflammation in Thyroid Eye Disease: Stress Responses and Their Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Orbital Inflammation in Thyroid Eye Disease: Stress Responses and Their Implications |
| title_short | Orbital Inflammation in Thyroid Eye Disease: Stress Responses and Their Implications |
| title_sort | orbital inflammation in thyroid eye disease stress responses and their implications |
| topic | thyroid eye disease Graves’ disease Graves’ ophthalmopathy Graves’ orbitopathy stress oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7140/4/1/4 |
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