Mechanisms of pathogenesis of emerging adenoviruses [version 1; referees: 2 approved]
Periodic outbreaks of human adenovirus infections can cause severe illness in people with no known predisposing conditions. The reasons for this increased viral pathogenicity are uncertain. Adenoviruses are constantly undergoing mutation during circulation in the human population, but related phenot...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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F1000 Research Ltd
2017-01-01
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| Series: | F1000Research |
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| Online Access: | https://f1000research.com/articles/6-90/v1 |
| _version_ | 1818994527579406336 |
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| author | James Cook Jay Radke |
| author_facet | James Cook Jay Radke |
| author_sort | James Cook |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periodic outbreaks of human adenovirus infections can cause severe illness in people with no known predisposing conditions. The reasons for this increased viral pathogenicity are uncertain. Adenoviruses are constantly undergoing mutation during circulation in the human population, but related phenotypic changes of the viruses are rarely detected because of the infrequency of such outbreaks and the limited biological studies of the emergent strains. Mutations and genetic recombinations have been identified in these new strains. However, the linkage between these genetic changes and increased pathogenicity is poorly understood. It has been observed recently that differences in virus-induced immunopathogenesis can be associated with altered expression of non-mutant viral genes associated with changes in viral modulation of the host innate immune response. Initial small animal studies indicate that these changes in viral gene expression can be associated with enhanced immunopathogenesis in vivo. Available evidence suggests the hypothesis that there is a critical threshold of expression of certain viral genes that determines both the sustainability of viral transmission in the human population and the enhancement of immunopathogenesis. Studies of this possibility will require extension of the analysis of outbreak viral strains from a sequencing-based focus to biological studies of relationships between viral gene expression and pathogenic responses. Advances in this area will require increased coordination among public health organizations, diagnostic microbiology laboratories, and research laboratories to identify, catalog, and systematically study differences between prototype and emergent viral strains that explain the increased pathogenicity that can occur during clinical outbreaks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:59:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd3e31fabe5d4b2a88c58a32bb2e5dee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-1402 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:59:22Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | F1000 Research Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | F1000Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd3e31fabe5d4b2a88c58a32bb2e5dee2022-12-21T19:26:45ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022017-01-01610.12688/f1000research.10152.110935Mechanisms of pathogenesis of emerging adenoviruses [version 1; referees: 2 approved]James Cook0Jay Radke1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USAPeriodic outbreaks of human adenovirus infections can cause severe illness in people with no known predisposing conditions. The reasons for this increased viral pathogenicity are uncertain. Adenoviruses are constantly undergoing mutation during circulation in the human population, but related phenotypic changes of the viruses are rarely detected because of the infrequency of such outbreaks and the limited biological studies of the emergent strains. Mutations and genetic recombinations have been identified in these new strains. However, the linkage between these genetic changes and increased pathogenicity is poorly understood. It has been observed recently that differences in virus-induced immunopathogenesis can be associated with altered expression of non-mutant viral genes associated with changes in viral modulation of the host innate immune response. Initial small animal studies indicate that these changes in viral gene expression can be associated with enhanced immunopathogenesis in vivo. Available evidence suggests the hypothesis that there is a critical threshold of expression of certain viral genes that determines both the sustainability of viral transmission in the human population and the enhancement of immunopathogenesis. Studies of this possibility will require extension of the analysis of outbreak viral strains from a sequencing-based focus to biological studies of relationships between viral gene expression and pathogenic responses. Advances in this area will require increased coordination among public health organizations, diagnostic microbiology laboratories, and research laboratories to identify, catalog, and systematically study differences between prototype and emergent viral strains that explain the increased pathogenicity that can occur during clinical outbreaks.https://f1000research.com/articles/6-90/v1Airway/Respiratory PhysiologyAnimal GeneticsImmune ResponseImmunomodulationInnate ImmunityLeukocyte Signaling & Gene ExpressionMedical MicrobiologyNosocomial & Healthcare-Associated InfectionsPediatric Infectious DiseasesRespiratory InfectionsRespiratory PediatricsRespiratory Problems in Critical CareViral Infections (without HIV)Virology |
| spellingShingle | James Cook Jay Radke Mechanisms of pathogenesis of emerging adenoviruses [version 1; referees: 2 approved] F1000Research Airway/Respiratory Physiology Animal Genetics Immune Response Immunomodulation Innate Immunity Leukocyte Signaling & Gene Expression Medical Microbiology Nosocomial & Healthcare-Associated Infections Pediatric Infectious Diseases Respiratory Infections Respiratory Pediatrics Respiratory Problems in Critical Care Viral Infections (without HIV) Virology |
| title | Mechanisms of pathogenesis of emerging adenoviruses [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_full | Mechanisms of pathogenesis of emerging adenoviruses [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of pathogenesis of emerging adenoviruses [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of pathogenesis of emerging adenoviruses [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_short | Mechanisms of pathogenesis of emerging adenoviruses [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_sort | mechanisms of pathogenesis of emerging adenoviruses version 1 referees 2 approved |
| topic | Airway/Respiratory Physiology Animal Genetics Immune Response Immunomodulation Innate Immunity Leukocyte Signaling & Gene Expression Medical Microbiology Nosocomial & Healthcare-Associated Infections Pediatric Infectious Diseases Respiratory Infections Respiratory Pediatrics Respiratory Problems in Critical Care Viral Infections (without HIV) Virology |
| url | https://f1000research.com/articles/6-90/v1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jamescook mechanismsofpathogenesisofemergingadenovirusesversion1referees2approved AT jayradke mechanismsofpathogenesisofemergingadenovirusesversion1referees2approved |