Synergistic protection of borate and silicate salts composite for controlling the chloride-induced pitting and uniform corrosion of steel reinforcement bars embedded in mortars
Abstract In this study, the efficacy of the combined effect of borate and silicate alkali metal salts added to mortars for controlling the chloride-induced uniform and localized corrosion of embedded steel rebars is examined. The individually added salts in mortars are found to have insignificant ef...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57485-1 |
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| author | Raja Rizwan Hussain Abdulrahman Alhozaimy Abdulaziz Al-Negheimish D. D. N. Singh Mshtaq Ahmed |
| author_facet | Raja Rizwan Hussain Abdulrahman Alhozaimy Abdulaziz Al-Negheimish D. D. N. Singh Mshtaq Ahmed |
| author_sort | Raja Rizwan Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this study, the efficacy of the combined effect of borate and silicate alkali metal salts added to mortars for controlling the chloride-induced uniform and localized corrosion of embedded steel rebars is examined. The individually added salts in mortars are found to have insignificant effects in terms of reducing the uniform corrosion rate and localized damage. However, their combination (0.50% sodium tetra borate + 0.10% sodium silicate added with respect to the weight of the binder) provides complete protection to reinforcements tested for long durations under wet/dry treatments with mortars in saline water and laboratory atmospheres. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, direct current cyclic polarization, polarization resistance, and visual observations are used for quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the protective effects of the tested additives. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the corrosion products formed on the embedded steel surfaces help explain the possible mechanisms behind the considerable improvement in the inhibitive effects of a mixed composition of borate and silicate. This combination also improves the compressive strength and workability of the mixed concrete. The results reveal that the synergistic protection provided by a mixture of borate and silicate can be attributed to the co-deposition of an iron-boron + ferrosilicate + cortensitite (an iron-silicon phase) film on the rebar surface. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:19:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd55b2cbf3ec4dbbb7283d98620f386a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:19:07Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cd55b2cbf3ec4dbbb7283d98620f386a2024-03-31T11:18:14ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-03-0114111810.1038/s41598-024-57485-1Synergistic protection of borate and silicate salts composite for controlling the chloride-induced pitting and uniform corrosion of steel reinforcement bars embedded in mortarsRaja Rizwan Hussain0Abdulrahman Alhozaimy1Abdulaziz Al-Negheimish2D. D. N. Singh3Mshtaq Ahmed4Center of Excellence for Concrete Research and Testing (CoE-CRT), Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud UniversityCenter of Excellence for Concrete Research and Testing (CoE-CRT), Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud UniversityCenter of Excellence for Concrete Research and Testing (CoE-CRT), Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud UniversityCorrosion and Surface Engineering CSIR, National Metallurgical LaboratoryCollege of Engineering, King Saud UniversityAbstract In this study, the efficacy of the combined effect of borate and silicate alkali metal salts added to mortars for controlling the chloride-induced uniform and localized corrosion of embedded steel rebars is examined. The individually added salts in mortars are found to have insignificant effects in terms of reducing the uniform corrosion rate and localized damage. However, their combination (0.50% sodium tetra borate + 0.10% sodium silicate added with respect to the weight of the binder) provides complete protection to reinforcements tested for long durations under wet/dry treatments with mortars in saline water and laboratory atmospheres. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, direct current cyclic polarization, polarization resistance, and visual observations are used for quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the protective effects of the tested additives. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the corrosion products formed on the embedded steel surfaces help explain the possible mechanisms behind the considerable improvement in the inhibitive effects of a mixed composition of borate and silicate. This combination also improves the compressive strength and workability of the mixed concrete. The results reveal that the synergistic protection provided by a mixture of borate and silicate can be attributed to the co-deposition of an iron-boron + ferrosilicate + cortensitite (an iron-silicon phase) film on the rebar surface.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57485-1Steel rebarsMortarPitting corrosionAnti-corrosion materialsBorate-silicatePassive layer |
| spellingShingle | Raja Rizwan Hussain Abdulrahman Alhozaimy Abdulaziz Al-Negheimish D. D. N. Singh Mshtaq Ahmed Synergistic protection of borate and silicate salts composite for controlling the chloride-induced pitting and uniform corrosion of steel reinforcement bars embedded in mortars Scientific Reports Steel rebars Mortar Pitting corrosion Anti-corrosion materials Borate-silicate Passive layer |
| title | Synergistic protection of borate and silicate salts composite for controlling the chloride-induced pitting and uniform corrosion of steel reinforcement bars embedded in mortars |
| title_full | Synergistic protection of borate and silicate salts composite for controlling the chloride-induced pitting and uniform corrosion of steel reinforcement bars embedded in mortars |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic protection of borate and silicate salts composite for controlling the chloride-induced pitting and uniform corrosion of steel reinforcement bars embedded in mortars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic protection of borate and silicate salts composite for controlling the chloride-induced pitting and uniform corrosion of steel reinforcement bars embedded in mortars |
| title_short | Synergistic protection of borate and silicate salts composite for controlling the chloride-induced pitting and uniform corrosion of steel reinforcement bars embedded in mortars |
| title_sort | synergistic protection of borate and silicate salts composite for controlling the chloride induced pitting and uniform corrosion of steel reinforcement bars embedded in mortars |
| topic | Steel rebars Mortar Pitting corrosion Anti-corrosion materials Borate-silicate Passive layer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57485-1 |
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