| Summary: | This study investigated the effect of moderate risk level (8 µg/kg) AFB<sub>1</sub> in diet supplemented with or without adsorbents on lactation performance, serum parameters, milk AFM<sub>1</sub> content of healthy lactating cows and the AFM<sub>1</sub> residue exposure risk in different human age groups. Forty late healthy lactating Holstein cows (270 ± 22 d in milk; daily milk yield 21 ± 3.1 kg/d) were randomly assigned to four treatments: control diet without AFB<sub>1</sub> and adsorbents (CON), CON with 8 μg/kg AFB<sub>1</sub> (dry matter basis, AF), AF + 15 g/d adsorbent 1 (AD1), AF + 15 g/d adsorbent 2 (AD2). The experiment lasted for 19 days, including an AFB<sub>1</sub>-challenge phase (day 1 to 14) and an AFB<sub>1</sub>-withdraw phase (day 15 to 19). Results showed that both AFB<sub>1</sub> and adsorbents treatments had no significant effects on the DMI, milk yield, 3.5% FCM yield, milk components and serum parameters. Compared with the AF, AD1 and AD2 had significantly lower milk AFM<sub>1</sub> concentrations (93 ng/L vs. 46 ng/L vs. 51 ng/L) and transfer rates of dietary AFB<sub>1</sub> into milk AFM<sub>1</sub> (1.16% vs. 0.57% vs. 0.63%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Children aged 2–4 years old had the highest exposure risk to AFM<sub>1</sub> in milk in AF, with an EDI of 1.02 ng/kg bw/day and a HI of 5.11 (HI > 1 indicates a potential risk for liver cancer). Both AD1 and AD2 had obviously reductions in EDI and HI for all population groups, whereas, the EDI (≥0.25 ng/kg bw/day) and HI (≥1.23) of children aged 2–11 years old were still higher than the suggested tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.20 ng/kg bw/day and 1.00 (HI). In conclusion, moderate risk level AFB<sub>1</sub> in the diet of healthy lactating cows could cause a public health hazard and adding adsorbents in the dairy diet is an effective measure to remit AFM<sub>1</sub> residue in milk and its exposure risk for humans.
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