A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. There are few review articles on GO research from the perspective of target cells and target antigens. A systematic search of PubMed was performed, focusing mainly on studies published after 2015...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1062045/full |
| _version_ | 1797948126461427712 |
|---|---|
| author | Xuejiao Cui Futao Wang Cong Liu |
| author_facet | Xuejiao Cui Futao Wang Cong Liu |
| author_sort | Xuejiao Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. There are few review articles on GO research from the perspective of target cells and target antigens. A systematic search of PubMed was performed, focusing mainly on studies published after 2015 that involve the role of target cells, orbital fibroblasts (OFs) and orbital adipocytes (OAs), target antigens, thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and their corresponding antibodies, TSHR antibodies (TRAbs) and IGF-1R antibodies (IGF-1R Abs), in GO pathogenesis and the potentially effective therapies that target TSHR and IGF-1R. Based on the results, OFs may be derived from bone marrow-derived CD34+ fibrocytes. In addition to CD34+ OFs, CD34- OFs are important in the pathogenesis of GO and may be involved in hyaluronan formation. CD34- OFs expressing Slit2 suppress the phenotype of CD34+ OFs. β-arrestin 1 can be involved in TSHR/IGF-1R crosstalk as a scaffold. Research on TRAbs has gradually shifted to TSAbs, TBAbs and the titre of TRAbs. However, the existence and role of IGF-1R Abs are still unknown and deserve further study. Basic and clinical trials of TSHR-inhibiting therapies are increasing, and TSHR is an expected therapeutic target. Teprotumumab has become the latest second-line treatment for GO. This review aims to effectively describe the pathogenesis of GO from the perspective of target cells and target antigens and provide ideas for its fundamental treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:38:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd5c3138b69f441b9ccd9ae2462ec945 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:38:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd5c3138b69f441b9ccd9ae2462ec9452023-01-19T08:35:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-01-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.10620451062045A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves’ orbitopathyXuejiao Cui0Futao Wang1Cong Liu2Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaGraves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. There are few review articles on GO research from the perspective of target cells and target antigens. A systematic search of PubMed was performed, focusing mainly on studies published after 2015 that involve the role of target cells, orbital fibroblasts (OFs) and orbital adipocytes (OAs), target antigens, thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and their corresponding antibodies, TSHR antibodies (TRAbs) and IGF-1R antibodies (IGF-1R Abs), in GO pathogenesis and the potentially effective therapies that target TSHR and IGF-1R. Based on the results, OFs may be derived from bone marrow-derived CD34+ fibrocytes. In addition to CD34+ OFs, CD34- OFs are important in the pathogenesis of GO and may be involved in hyaluronan formation. CD34- OFs expressing Slit2 suppress the phenotype of CD34+ OFs. β-arrestin 1 can be involved in TSHR/IGF-1R crosstalk as a scaffold. Research on TRAbs has gradually shifted to TSAbs, TBAbs and the titre of TRAbs. However, the existence and role of IGF-1R Abs are still unknown and deserve further study. Basic and clinical trials of TSHR-inhibiting therapies are increasing, and TSHR is an expected therapeutic target. Teprotumumab has become the latest second-line treatment for GO. This review aims to effectively describe the pathogenesis of GO from the perspective of target cells and target antigens and provide ideas for its fundamental treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1062045/fullGraves’ orbitopathyorbital fibroblastsorbital adipocytesthyrotropin receptorinsulin-like growth factor-1 receptor |
| spellingShingle | Xuejiao Cui Futao Wang Cong Liu A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy Frontiers in Immunology Graves’ orbitopathy orbital fibroblasts orbital adipocytes thyrotropin receptor insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor |
| title | A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy |
| title_full | A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy |
| title_fullStr | A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy |
| title_short | A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy |
| title_sort | review of tshr and igf 1r related pathogenesis and treatment of graves orbitopathy |
| topic | Graves’ orbitopathy orbital fibroblasts orbital adipocytes thyrotropin receptor insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1062045/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xuejiaocui areviewoftshrandigf1rrelatedpathogenesisandtreatmentofgravesorbitopathy AT futaowang areviewoftshrandigf1rrelatedpathogenesisandtreatmentofgravesorbitopathy AT congliu areviewoftshrandigf1rrelatedpathogenesisandtreatmentofgravesorbitopathy AT xuejiaocui reviewoftshrandigf1rrelatedpathogenesisandtreatmentofgravesorbitopathy AT futaowang reviewoftshrandigf1rrelatedpathogenesisandtreatmentofgravesorbitopathy AT congliu reviewoftshrandigf1rrelatedpathogenesisandtreatmentofgravesorbitopathy |