Light-adaptable artificial iris with dynamically scalable pupil-aperture function by radially patterned photochromic transition control
The iris is an ocular organ that actively controls the size of the pupil-aperture in response to external light, thereby regulating the amount of light reaching the retina for better visual acquisition. Herein, we propose a light-adaptive pupil-scalable artificial iris for addressing human iris defe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127523009310 |
| _version_ | 1797347843627810816 |
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| author | Asad Nauman Jun-Chan Choi Young-Min Cho Jae-Won Lee Jun-Hee Na Hak-Rin Kim |
| author_facet | Asad Nauman Jun-Chan Choi Young-Min Cho Jae-Won Lee Jun-Hee Na Hak-Rin Kim |
| author_sort | Asad Nauman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The iris is an ocular organ that actively controls the size of the pupil-aperture in response to external light, thereby regulating the amount of light reaching the retina for better visual acquisition. Herein, we propose a light-adaptive pupil-scalable artificial iris for addressing human iris defects with biomimetic self-regulating light control similar to human iris actuation, which is realized by a radially gradient and reversible photoswitching of photochromic dyes doped within a biocompatible hydrogel matrix. The radial photochromic switching of light transmissions was achieved by the gradient patterning of the crosslinking density of the hydrogel matrix using a near-infrared light-absorbing photomask that generated radially thermal gradience during hydrogel matrix polymerization. With the effective pupil-aperture control, the proposed artificial iris exhibited a variation in the visible-light transmittance from ∼82 % at the ultraviolet light (UV) intensity of 0.5 mW/cm2 to ∼43 % at 3.0 mW/cm2 representing the transparent and colored states, respectively. The switching times for the transitions to the colored and transparent states were 27.42 and 112.25 s, respectively, at a UV intensity of 3.0 mW/cm2, which can be faster under the hydrated state. The artificial iris demonstrated potential in biomedical applications by offering reliable light-adaptive attenuation control through human-like pupil-aperture adjustments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:54:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd803af9c7854c238bc726da18c3e675 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:54:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd803af9c7854c238bc726da18c3e6752024-01-24T05:16:03ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752024-01-01237112515Light-adaptable artificial iris with dynamically scalable pupil-aperture function by radially patterned photochromic transition controlAsad Nauman0Jun-Chan Choi1Young-Min Cho2Jae-Won Lee3Jun-Hee Na4Hak-Rin Kim5School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaSchool of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical, Electronics & Communication Engineering Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author at: School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.The iris is an ocular organ that actively controls the size of the pupil-aperture in response to external light, thereby regulating the amount of light reaching the retina for better visual acquisition. Herein, we propose a light-adaptive pupil-scalable artificial iris for addressing human iris defects with biomimetic self-regulating light control similar to human iris actuation, which is realized by a radially gradient and reversible photoswitching of photochromic dyes doped within a biocompatible hydrogel matrix. The radial photochromic switching of light transmissions was achieved by the gradient patterning of the crosslinking density of the hydrogel matrix using a near-infrared light-absorbing photomask that generated radially thermal gradience during hydrogel matrix polymerization. With the effective pupil-aperture control, the proposed artificial iris exhibited a variation in the visible-light transmittance from ∼82 % at the ultraviolet light (UV) intensity of 0.5 mW/cm2 to ∼43 % at 3.0 mW/cm2 representing the transparent and colored states, respectively. The switching times for the transitions to the colored and transparent states were 27.42 and 112.25 s, respectively, at a UV intensity of 3.0 mW/cm2, which can be faster under the hydrated state. The artificial iris demonstrated potential in biomedical applications by offering reliable light-adaptive attenuation control through human-like pupil-aperture adjustments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127523009310Artificial irisScalable pupil-apertureGradient crosslinking polymer networksLight-adaptable transmissionPhotochromic switching |
| spellingShingle | Asad Nauman Jun-Chan Choi Young-Min Cho Jae-Won Lee Jun-Hee Na Hak-Rin Kim Light-adaptable artificial iris with dynamically scalable pupil-aperture function by radially patterned photochromic transition control Materials & Design Artificial iris Scalable pupil-aperture Gradient crosslinking polymer networks Light-adaptable transmission Photochromic switching |
| title | Light-adaptable artificial iris with dynamically scalable pupil-aperture function by radially patterned photochromic transition control |
| title_full | Light-adaptable artificial iris with dynamically scalable pupil-aperture function by radially patterned photochromic transition control |
| title_fullStr | Light-adaptable artificial iris with dynamically scalable pupil-aperture function by radially patterned photochromic transition control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Light-adaptable artificial iris with dynamically scalable pupil-aperture function by radially patterned photochromic transition control |
| title_short | Light-adaptable artificial iris with dynamically scalable pupil-aperture function by radially patterned photochromic transition control |
| title_sort | light adaptable artificial iris with dynamically scalable pupil aperture function by radially patterned photochromic transition control |
| topic | Artificial iris Scalable pupil-aperture Gradient crosslinking polymer networks Light-adaptable transmission Photochromic switching |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127523009310 |
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