Antileishmanial Activity of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in Peru
Leishmaniasis is a worldwide infectious parasitic disease caused by different species of protozoa of the genus <i>Leishmania</i>, which are transmitted to animals and humans through the bite of insects of the Psychodidae family. In the present work, the antileishmanial activity of an alk...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| author | Marilú Roxana Soto-Vásquez Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-García Edison H. Osorio Luciana R. Tallini Jaume Bastida |
| author_facet | Marilú Roxana Soto-Vásquez Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-García Edison H. Osorio Luciana R. Tallini Jaume Bastida |
| author_sort | Marilú Roxana Soto-Vásquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leishmaniasis is a worldwide infectious parasitic disease caused by different species of protozoa of the genus <i>Leishmania</i>, which are transmitted to animals and humans through the bite of insects of the Psychodidae family. In the present work, the antileishmanial activity of an alkaloid extract of the bulbs of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) was evaluated in vitro, in vivo, and in silico against the parasite <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i>, and the chemical profile of the sample was determined by GC-MS analysis. At concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, the alkaloid extract presented inhibition percentages of 8.7%, 23.1%, and 98.8%, respectively, against <i>L. braziliensis</i> with a <i>p</i> < 0.05, and IC<sub>50</sub> values of 18.5 ± 0.3 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, at a dose of 1.0 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>, a greater decrease in lesion size was observed (90%) for in vivo assays, as well as a decrease in infection (96%), finding no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in comparison with amphotericin B (92% and 98%, respectively). Eleven alkaloids were identified in <i>C. milagroanthus</i> bulbs: galanthamine, vittatine/crinine, 8-<i>O</i>-demethylmaritidine, anhydrolycorine, 11,12-dehydroanhydrolycorine, hippamine, lycorine, 2-hydroxyanhydrolycorine, 7-hydroxyclivonine, 2α-hydroxyhomolycorine, and 7-hydroxyclivonine isomer. A molecular model of <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> trypanothione reductase (TRLb) was built using computational experiments to evaluate in silico the potential of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid identified in <i>C. milagroanthus</i> toward this enzyme. The structures galanthamine, 7-hydroxyclivonine isomer, and crinine showed better estimated free energy of binding than the reference compound, amphotericin B. In conclusion, this is the first in vitro, in vivo, and in silico report about the antileishmanial potential and alkaloid profiling of the extract of <i>C. milagroanthus</i> bulbs, which could become an interesting source of bioactive molecules. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cd93aed9afc04dd6a7db924a980898192023-12-01T00:04:50ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-01-0112232210.3390/plants12020322Antileishmanial Activity of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in PeruMarilú Roxana Soto-Vásquez0Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-García1Edison H. Osorio2Luciana R. Tallini3Jaume Bastida4Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Av. Juan Pablo II s/n, Trujillo 13011, PeruEscuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Av. Larco s/n, Trujillo 13011, PeruFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730001, ColombiaDepartament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, SpainLeishmaniasis is a worldwide infectious parasitic disease caused by different species of protozoa of the genus <i>Leishmania</i>, which are transmitted to animals and humans through the bite of insects of the Psychodidae family. In the present work, the antileishmanial activity of an alkaloid extract of the bulbs of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) was evaluated in vitro, in vivo, and in silico against the parasite <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i>, and the chemical profile of the sample was determined by GC-MS analysis. At concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, the alkaloid extract presented inhibition percentages of 8.7%, 23.1%, and 98.8%, respectively, against <i>L. braziliensis</i> with a <i>p</i> < 0.05, and IC<sub>50</sub> values of 18.5 ± 0.3 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, at a dose of 1.0 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>, a greater decrease in lesion size was observed (90%) for in vivo assays, as well as a decrease in infection (96%), finding no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in comparison with amphotericin B (92% and 98%, respectively). Eleven alkaloids were identified in <i>C. milagroanthus</i> bulbs: galanthamine, vittatine/crinine, 8-<i>O</i>-demethylmaritidine, anhydrolycorine, 11,12-dehydroanhydrolycorine, hippamine, lycorine, 2-hydroxyanhydrolycorine, 7-hydroxyclivonine, 2α-hydroxyhomolycorine, and 7-hydroxyclivonine isomer. A molecular model of <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> trypanothione reductase (TRLb) was built using computational experiments to evaluate in silico the potential of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid identified in <i>C. milagroanthus</i> toward this enzyme. The structures galanthamine, 7-hydroxyclivonine isomer, and crinine showed better estimated free energy of binding than the reference compound, amphotericin B. In conclusion, this is the first in vitro, in vivo, and in silico report about the antileishmanial potential and alkaloid profiling of the extract of <i>C. milagroanthus</i> bulbs, which could become an interesting source of bioactive molecules.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/2/322alkaloidsAmaryllidaceae<i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i><i>Leishmania braziliensis</i>molecular docking |
| spellingShingle | Marilú Roxana Soto-Vásquez Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-García Edison H. Osorio Luciana R. Tallini Jaume Bastida Antileishmanial Activity of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in Peru Plants alkaloids Amaryllidaceae <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> molecular docking |
| title | Antileishmanial Activity of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in Peru |
| title_full | Antileishmanial Activity of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in Peru |
| title_fullStr | Antileishmanial Activity of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antileishmanial Activity of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in Peru |
| title_short | Antileishmanial Activity of <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in Peru |
| title_sort | antileishmanial activity of i clinanthus milagroanthus i s leiva meerow amaryllidaceae collected in peru |
| topic | alkaloids Amaryllidaceae <i>Clinanthus milagroanthus</i> <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> molecular docking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/2/322 |
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